50 



DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



FIRST BROOD OF MOTHS OR SUMMER MOTHS. 



Time of emergence. — The records for emergence of summer moths 

 are given in Table L, covering 1,279 observations from five separate 

 band records. The codling-moth larvae from the band records at 

 Benton Harbor, New Richmond, Douglas, Lake Shore, and Pent- 

 water were all sent to the station at Douglas, and the observations 

 on the date of issue of the moths were all made there. The curve of 

 figure 16 represents the total emergence of moths and is based upon 

 the records of Table L. It will be noted that there existed a striking 

 similarity in the rate of emergence and that the time of emergence 



8 II 14- 17 20 23 2t Z1 I -f 7 10 13 lb H 22 25 



July August 



31 3 t 1 12 15 18 



September 



Fig. 16.— Emergence curve of moths of the summer brood in 1911, at Douglas, Mich. ( Original. ) 



was practically the same for the different band records. This may be 

 due to the peculiar climatic conditions of 1911, when the spring 

 opened up uniformly over the entire fruit belt — a rather unusual 

 occurrence. It may also be that during the middle of the summer 

 the seasonal conditions became equalized over the different sections, 

 and produced a corresponding equalizing tendency upon the develop- 

 ment of the codling moth. 



The emergence records for the summer moths are remarkable 

 both in respect to time and rate of appearance of the moths. Tho 

 earliest moths issued July 8, which emergence was 21 days earlier 

 then that of the more normal season of 1910. During the early part 

 of the emergence period, from July 10 to July 14, moths appeared 

 in abundance. During the later half of July, however, they were less 



