CODLING MOTH IN SANTA CLARA VALLEY, 161 



The date on which the parasitism was observed can have little to 

 do with the actual date of the parasitization of the egg. As the 

 parasites were very abundant in the vicinity of the eggs it is prob- 

 able that the latter were stung almost directly after being deposited; 

 consequently the parasites' life cycle would start immediately after 

 the codling-moth eggs had been laid. Figured in this way the life 

 cycle ranges from 20 to 28 days, with an average of 24.16 days. A 

 comparison with the life cycle of the parasite in earlier or first-brood 

 eggs and in eggs of the second brood would be interesting. 



In 1909 several parasites were reared from the larvae of the codling 

 moth by Mr. J. R. Horton, of the Bureau of Entomology. These 

 were all unidentified Hymenoptera. Toward the end of April, 1911, 

 some overwintering full-fed codling moth larvae were observed by the 

 junior author to have a whitish, distended appearance and upon closer 

 examination proved to have been killed by a hair worm, determined 

 at the instance of Mr. A. L. Quaintance, of the Bureau of Entomology, 

 by Dr. B. H. Ransom, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, as belonging 

 to the family Mermithidae. These worms, of which there was one in 

 each host, lay coiled up, occupying the entire interior of the larva 

 and exceeding 3 inches in length when uncoiled. None was found 

 in the larvae of the first or in those of the second broods taken in 1911 

 from banded trees. 



Predaceous insects. — In February, 1911, the larvae, pupae, and 

 adults of Melachius auritus Lee. were found in considerable numbers, 

 apparently preying upon the larvae of the codling moth. The speci- 

 mens, on request of Prof. Quaintance, were later determined by Mr. 

 E. A. Schwarz, of the Bureau of Entomology, who said in reference 

 to them: "* * * This and other species of the same genus have 

 repeatedly been reported to the Bureau of Entomology as enemies 

 of the codling moth. The genus (excepting the imported Malachius 

 seneus L.) does not occur in the Atlantic slope of North America." 



BAND RECORDS OF 1909. 



Through the kindness of Mr. E. Northern, of San Jose, Cal., 20 

 trees of his orchard were banded to obtain records. The apples are 

 of the Newtown Pippin variety, and the whole orchard, with the 

 exception of the banded trees, is annually treated with several appli- 

 cations of arsenate of lead. The bands were of burlap and were 

 placed at an average of 30 inches from the ground after the loose 

 bark had been scraped off. 



A summary of all of the work performed, including the total number 

 of larvae and pupae (each collection), the weekly emergence of adults 

 following, and the total number of larvae which transformed in 1909 

 and which hibernated until 1911, is shown in Table LII. 



