4 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



Table III. — Spring brood ofpupse — summary of pupal periods shown in Tables land II. 



Wintering larvae collected. 



Number 

 of indi- 

 viduals. 



Maximum 

 pupal life. 



Minimum 

 pupal life. 



Average 

 pupal life. 



March 31 



83 

 48 

 131 



Days. 

 31 

 26 

 31 



Days. 

 24 

 13 

 13 



Days. 

 26 2 



April 21 



18.5 





23 5 







SPRING BROOD OF MOTHS. 



Duration of emergence. — Emergence began out of doors March 31, 

 on which date we captured a moth while collecting wintering mate- 

 rial at the outdoor apple bin. As no empty pupal cases were found 

 this may be considered the beginning of emergence. Ben Davis 

 apple trees were in full bloom at this time. From wintering material 

 collected March 31, moths began emerging April 9. Some probably 

 would have issued earlier had not a large proportion of the pupae been 

 injured in collecting. On again examining the apple bin, on April 21, 

 the numerous empty pupal cases indicated that about 25 per cent of 

 the moths had issued, there being found 64 empty cases and 193 

 larvae and pupae. By May 27 all moths had emerged from collected 

 wintering material except two belated individuals w T hich issued 

 June 6 and 8. The latter date coincides with the issuance of the first 

 moth of the first brood. Briefly, the spring brood of moths issued 

 during a period of 2 months, beginning with the date of full-bloom 

 of apple trees (March 31). 



The emergence of moths from collected wintering material is shown 

 in Table IV. 



Table IV. — Emergence of spring brood of moths — summary of emergence records from 

 wintering material collected March 24, March 31, and April 21. 





Number 





Number 





Number 





Number 





Number 



Date. 



of moths 



Date. 



of moths 



Date. 



of moths 



Date. 



of moths 



Date. 



of moths 





emerging. 





emerging. 





emerging. 





emerging. 





emerging. 



Apr. 9... 



1 



Apr. 20.. 



1 



May 1... 



3 



May 12.. 



16 



May 23.. 



8 



Apr. 10.. 



2 



Apr. 21.. 



3 



May 2... 



9 



May 13.. 



12 



May 24.. 



1 



Apr. 11.. 







Apr. 22.. 



4 



May 3... 



10 



Mav 14.. 







May 25.. 



3 



Apr. 12.. 







Apr. 23.. 



11 



May 4... 



13 



May 15.. 



11 



May 26.. 



2 



Apr. 13.. 



1 



Apr. 24.. 



2 



May 5... 



22 



May 16.. 



11 



May 27.. 



1 



Apr. 14.. 







Apr 25.. 



4 



May 6... 



2 



May 17.. 



8 



June 6... 



1 



Apr. 15.. 



2 



Apr. 26.. 







May 7... 







May 18.. 



7 



June 8... 



1 



Apr. 16.. 



1 



Apr. 27.. 







May 8... 



3 



May 19.. 



5 







Apr. 17.. 



2 



Apr. 28.. 



1 



May 9... 







May 20.. 



10 







Apr. 18.. 



4 



Apr. 29.. 



2 



May 10.. 



27 



May 21.. 



6 







Apr. 19.. 



1 



Apr. 30.. 



1 



May 11.. 



29 



May 22.. 



11 







The data given in Table IV are shown graphically in the accompany- 

 ing curve, figure 1. 



The above record is from 320 larvae and 232 pupae collected March 

 24, March 31, and April 21 from the outdoor apple bin. These 552 



