THE CODLING MOTH IN THE OZAKKS. 7 



The last unhatched eggs of the first brood were found May 27. 

 Empty shells were numerous in the orchard at that time, but only 3 

 unhatched eggs were found, all of them in the " black-spot" stage. 

 This date seems to be near the end of the first brood of eggs, and 

 agrees with the issuing records of moths from collected wintering 

 material, practically all moths having emerged by this time. 



In 1907 the last of the first-brood eggs were obtained June 2, 

 having been laid in a cage by the last moths to emerge from collected 

 wintering material kept in the laboratory. 



Place of oviposition. — Of 67 eggs collected in the orchard April 27, 

 53 occurred on the upper side of leaves, 13 on the back of leaves, and 

 1 on a twig. While bagging fruit on May 6 a careful examination 

 for eggs was made on all the leaves, twigs, and fruit to be inclosed in 

 the bags. There were 78 eggs or empty shells found, of which 76 

 were on the upper surface of leaves, 1 on a twig, and 1 on the side 

 of the fruit. Since but few apples became wormy after being bagged, 

 this represents nearly the whole number of eggs present on the parts 

 examined. Some of the eggs were at a considerable distance from 

 any fruit, but as a rule the moths seemed to have selected the fruit 

 clusters, possibly only because the foliage there was denser than on 

 isolated shoots. 



In the cages eggs were placed indiscriminately on all parts of twigs, 

 leaves, fruit, framework of cage, and on the glass panes, always, 

 however, on the side of the cage from which most light came. Twigs 

 placed in the middle or on the darker side of the cage were disregarded, 

 the moths depositing their eggs on the side or bottom of the cage 

 while struggling to fly out toward the light. 



Fertility. — Practically all eggs observed were fertile, whether laid 

 in cages or collected in the orchard. Often a few sterile eggs were 

 deposited in the cages before oviposition proper began. When eggs 

 were laid in considerable numbers they were all fertile. 



Length of incubation period. — The egg stage was greatly lengthened 

 by periods of cool weather such as are apt to occur in early spring. 

 The first eggs obtained in cages were deposited the night of April 19. 

 These were subjected to very cool weather, including frost, and gave 

 a maximum period of 21 days, or an average of 19.6 days. Eggs 

 deposited the night of April 24 experienced part of the same spell of 

 cool weather, including frost, and required an average of 17 days to 

 hatch. With the advent of warm weather the egg stage was rapidly 

 shortened. Eggs deposited May 8 hatched in 8J days, and the lot 

 laid May 10 hatched in 7 J days. Undoubtedly the last eggs of the 

 first brood would show the uniform period of 5 days required for 

 second-brood and third-brood eggs laid during June, July, and August. 

 In Table VII are shown the incubation records of first-brood eggs 

 deposited in outdoor cages. 

 30490°— Bull. 80—12 2 



