36 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



from Ontario, Quebec. Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island, and Brit- 

 ish Columbia. In the State of Xew York it has been recorded by 

 Lintner, Slingerland, and others; at Manhattan, Kans.. by Faville; 

 at Santa Fe. X. Mex., by Cockerell: at Xorth East. Pa., by the writer; 

 at Port Hope. Mich., by Pettit, and at Douglas, Mich., by Braucher. 



FOOD PLANTS AND INJURY. 



The insect has a rather limited list of food plants. Originally it 

 probably fed on native crab apples and certain species of Crataegus. 

 With the extensive planting of orchards, it has found in apple and 

 pear favorite food plants, and it is largely to these two fruits that its 

 depredations have been confined. It has also been recorded feeding 

 upon quince and plums, and will undoubtedly be found on other trees 

 allied to them. 



Like many other injurious insects, the work of the cigar case-bearer, 

 when the species is present in destructive numbers, comes suddenly into 

 evidence. The caterpillars infest mainly the leaves, but in the spring 

 they may also be found on the buds and the young fruits. Injury at 

 this time of the season is naturally quite important as aifecting both 

 the vigor of the trees and the development of the fruit. As shown in 

 Plate I. figures 1 and 2. the foliage, under conditions of serious infes- 

 tation, becomes practically skeletonized. In the orchard at Xorth 

 East. Pa., which came under the writer's observation in 190S, the 

 foliage was completely devoured and withered by the early part of 

 June, and from a distance appeared brown and dead, as if swept by 

 fire. Neighboring fruit growers believed this to be due to the burn- 

 ing effect of an arsenical spray, but as a matter of fact the orchard 

 had, to the knowledge of the present owners, never been sprayed, 

 "When inspected, June 3, the larvae, in their cigar-shaped cases, were 

 found in such great numbers that not only had the foliage been com- 

 pletely devoured, but the tender growths of the branches had been 

 very generally attacked. (PL I, fig. 3.) It was probably owing to 

 lack of food that they were dropping down from the branches, sus- 

 pended by a silken thread, in search of new feeding places. The 

 owner, Mr. A. L. Short, and his team at the time of plowing the 

 orchard were completely covered with the larvae and presented a very 

 strange sight. In looking through the spaces between the rows of 

 trees one was inrpressed with the abundance of the larvae, for their 

 cases in countless numbers, suspended by silken threads and waving 

 back and forth in the breeze, almost resembled a drapery. As the 

 larvae ceased feeding by about the middle of June, the trees put out 

 a new growth oi leaves, and later in the season the condition of the 

 orchard was favorable to its recuperation from the attack. 



