46 DECIDUOUS FEUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



TWO APPLE CATERPILLARS OTHER THAN THE CODLING MOTH. 



Early in the season of 1908 it was noticed that another small larva, 

 the adults of which emerged from June 15 to 25, resembling very 

 closely that of Enarmonia prunivora, was feeding in the apples and 

 plums around Siloam Springs, Ark. Later in the season, July and 

 August, adults were reared in numbers from larvae found in young 

 vigorous growing shoots and water sprouts of apple trees. Most of 

 the injury to the twigs, however, was done in June and July. 



The many observations by the writers would indicate that a large 

 part of the first-brood larvae matures in the fruit ; that the remainder 

 of the first brood and also the second brood mature in the young 

 twigs and water sprouts; and that the larger part of the later brood 

 goes back again to the fruit. Adults were secured from fruit from 

 June 5 to 20. After June 23 no more specimens were reared from 

 fruit until August 17, while during this period many adults were 

 reared from the twigs. After August 10 to 15 there was a marked 

 decrease in the twig injury and an increase in fruit infestation. 

 Beginning August 17, many adults were reared from apples throughout 

 the remainder of the season. Adults of this species were determined 

 by Mr. August Busck as Epinotia pyricolana Murtf., and its injuries 

 to fruit have not apparently been heretofore recorded. This species 

 has been treated by Prof. E. D. Sanderson in the Twelfth Report of 

 the Delaware College Agricultural Experiment Station (1900) pages 

 194-199. 



During the season the writers were unable to obtain a single speci- 

 men of Enarmonia prunivora from twigs of the apple, but all speci- 

 mens taken proved to belong to Epinotia pyricolana. In the Ozark 

 region and also in the vicinity of Washington, D. C, this species 

 is far less abundant than either the codling moth or the lesser apple 

 worm. 



COMPARATIVE ABUNDANCE OF THE LESSER APPLE WORM AND 

 THE CODLING MOTH IN APPLES. 



The injury caused by the lesser apple worm early in the season is 

 not so pronounced, nor are the larvae so abundant as those of the 

 codling moth, but by midsummer and fall there is a marked increase 

 in the number of larvse of this species over that of the codling moth. 

 This increase is often sufficient to bring the total number of lesser 

 apple worms, in the fruit for the season, in excess of the codling-moth 

 larvae. 



Records were kept of the comparative abundance of the two species 

 by bringing in during the season infested fruit from unsprayed 

 orchards and keeping the infested fruit collected on different dates 

 in separate breeding cages. Each lot was examined daily for full- 

 grown larvae and adults. 



