48 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



apple bin. No larva? or pupae of Enarmonia were found. Larvae 

 have been found in great abundance in late fall in the partly devoured 

 fruit of Crataegus, both on the trees and on the ground. Many larvae 

 passed the winter in this fruit in our breeding jars, and this overwin- 

 tering habit very probablv obtains under natural conditions. (See 

 PI. Ill, fig. 2.) 



From many observations on larvae in fruit during the winter months, 

 the difficulty of rearing moths in spring from overwintering material 

 and the very light infestation of orchards by the first-brood larvae 

 point to a high mortality among the larvae during the winter. 



Moths from overwintering larvae of Enarmonia emerge about the 

 same time as those of the codling moth. At Washington, D. C, 

 moths emerged in 1908 from April 26 to 2S and during the first few 

 days of May from quantities of Crataegus berries which had been kept 

 out of doors in jars and cages over winter. Mr. Jenne secured adults 

 April IS to 30, 1909, from overwintering larvae at Siloam Springs, 

 Ark. Other moths emerged May 1, 7. and 9, 1909. 



At Washington, during the spring of 1909, moths emerged from 

 the fruit of Crataegus maintained under out-of-door conditions as 

 follows: April 6, 1; April 24. 3; April 26, 6; April 29, 3; April 30, 4 

 May 1. 6: May 3. 6: May 4, 9; May 7. 14; May 10, 29; May 12, 9 

 May 14, 7; May 17. 1: May IS. 3; May 22, 2; May 25, 3; May 26, 1 

 and May 28, 1, which was the last individual to appear. 



In the Ozark region the first brood of larvae matures usually 

 during the month of June: moths for the second-brood larvae emerged 

 in 190S from June 20 to July 30. Eggs deposited in breeding cages 

 by these moths July 10 to 12 produced full-grown larvae July 30 to 

 August 10, the adults emerging August 14 to 26. Eggs from these 

 latter gave another brood of full-grown larvae September 19 to 30. 

 Other adults, emerging later, deposited eggs as late as September 7 

 to 14. the full-grown larvae leaving the fruit October 3 to November 

 6, when observations ceased, some larvae being still at work in fruit.* 1 

 This is strong evidence of three full generations annually for the Ozark 

 region. Since many moths had emerged from first-brood larvae 

 before July 10 to 12, when the above individual records began, it 

 is possible that some of the earlier ones emerged in time to give rise 

 to a partial fourth brood of larvae. 



LIFE CYCLE AND DURATION OF STAGES. 

 THE EGG. 



Individual records kept for 120 eggs during July, August, and Sep- 

 tember gave the nrinimum time of incubation as four and one-sixth 

 days and the maximum five and one-half days. Most of the eggs 



a Moths emerged as late as September 26, but no records vrere kept of eggs deposited 

 after September 14. 



