50 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



The total time in the cocoon, from the date of full-grown larvae 

 leaving the fruit to the emergence of the moths, varies from thirteen 

 to thirty days, although normally it is about seventeen days. Seventy 

 per cent of all moths emerged between thirteen and eighteen days 

 after the larvae left the fruit. 



Taking the normal or average figures for each stage, the complete 

 life cycle requires approximately six weeks, but many individuals 

 complete the life cycle in thirty days in early summer. During the 

 period from August to October some individuals required as high 

 as forty to fifty and a few to sixty days. 



DESCRIPTION OF EGG.a 



Egg: Size, 0.53 to 0.70 mm. long by 0.51 to 0.55 mm. wide; oval 

 in outline, varying to roundish, slightly convex, and covered with a 

 network of irregular ridges. At time of deposition it is pearly white, 

 and resembles very closely in general appearance the egg of the 

 codling moth, except for its smaller size, the ridges being somewhat 

 closer together and not so prominent as with the latter. (See PI. Ill, 



fig. i.) 



The eggs assume a yellowish cast one or two days after deposition, 

 shortly after which a red ring appears; the black head of the larva 

 usually appears in four days. 



Moths confined in rearing cages deposited eggs on both sides of 

 the leaves, but mostly on the upper surface on the fruit, stems, and 

 on the glass door and wooden uprights of the rearing cage. 



PARASITES. 



Only one parasite is recorded in literature from this species, viz, 

 Mirax grayholithse Ashm. During the past season a specimen was 

 reared from a larva infesting apple, which has been determined by 

 Mr. H. L. Viereck as Phanerotoma, n. sp. 



CONTROL MEASURES. 



The usual treatment practiced against the codling moth has so 

 far served to very effectively keep in check serious injury by this 

 species. 



a Since this paper was submitted for publication the egg stage has been 'well 

 described by E. P. Taylor in Journ. Econ. Ent., June, 1909, p. 237. 



