CODLING MOTH IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 



77 



The wintering larvse belonged to both the first and the second 

 broods. It will be seen by a glance at Table V that there was no 

 marked difference in the time of emergence of moths from the first 

 and the second brood larvse. The division line between the two 

 broods can be approximately determined as between August 29 and 

 September 5, as shown in figure 27. 



Time during the day when moths emerged. — When only one daily 

 record of the emergence of the moths is taken, it is of importance to 

 know the time when most moths emerge. A few observations, taken 

 hourly, June 24, from 8.30 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. the same day, and 

 continued, June 26, from 4.30 a. m. to 9.30 a. m., are recorded in 

 Table VI. 



Table VI. — Spring brood of moths. Time of emergence during the day. 



Time of observation. 



Emer- 

 gence of 

 moths. 



Time of observation. 



Emer- 

 gence of 

 moths. 



Time of observation. 



Emer- 

 gence of 

 moths. 



Date. 



Hour. 



Date. 



Hour. 



Date. 



Hour. 



June 24 

 Do..., 

 Do.... 

 Do.... 

 Do.... 

 Do.... 

 Do.... 



8.30 a. m.. 

 9.30 a. m.. 



3 



June 24 



Do.... 



Do.... 



Do.... 



Do.... 



Do.... 

 June 26 



3.30 p. m.. 





June 26 

 Do.... 

 Do.... 

 Do.... 

 Do.... 

 Do.... 



4.30 a. m.. 





4.30 p. m.. 





5.30 a. m.. 





10.30 a. m. 





5.30 p. m . . 





6.30 a. m.. 





11.30 a. m. 

 12.30 p. m. 

 1.30 p.m.. 

 2.30 p. m.. 



1 

 2 

 1 



6.30 p. m.. 

 7.30 p. m . . 

 8.30 p. m.. 





7.30 a. m.. 

 8.30 a. m.. 

 9.30 a. m. . 



1 

 1 



















I^ine moths emerged during this period. The first emergence took 

 place about 7.30 a. m. and the last about 1.30 p. m. During the after- 

 noon, evening, and night no moths emerged. More observations on 

 this habit of the moths are desirable in order to establish more accu- 

 rately the time limits during the day when moths emerge. The 

 above observations, however, suggest the general tendency. Pos- 

 sibly the varying temperature and moisture conditions of the day 

 are influencing factors, because after the process of emerging the parts 

 of the body, and particularly the wings, must expand quickly and 

 assume a normal shape before hardening; in case of extreme dryness 

 the wings may fail to expand. 



Period of oviposition. — The moths in confinement frequently fail to 

 oviposit, which is especially the case when a single pair or only a few 

 individual moths are kept together. During the season of 1909 an 

 abundance of eggs was obtained from moths confined in numbers of 

 from 10 to 40 in medium-sized glass jars covered with thin cloth. 

 Each jar contained a layer of moist sand; food, consisting of brown 

 sugar and honey; and for oviposition, apples and apple twigs with 

 foliage were supplied daily. As has been observed by other inves- 

 tigators, the eggs are laid during the evening and the night. In one 

 instance a moth was observed in the act of ovipositing about 9 

 o'clock in the morning. The eggs were placed in abundance on the 

 apples, the branches, and the foliage, and even on the bottom and on 



