146 



DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



Table XXV ' .—Efficiency of the one-spray arid demonstration treatments, as shown by 

 the percentages of wormy apples, Arkansas, Virginia, and Michigan, 1909. 





Percentage of wormy apples. 





Calyx. 



Side. 



Stem. 



Total. 



Locality. 





C 



.2 







J 







| 







3 1 



.2 





>> 



c3 



TJ 



>> 



2 



T3 



>i 



£ 



T3 



>> 



g T3 





8 

 * 



o 



>> 



C3 



§ 



Fl 



1 



ft 



ft 



1 





S3 

 ft 



o 



G 

 O 



& 

 £ 





a 





a 



d 



s 



fl 



fl 





fl 



a 



8 







o 



ft 



U> 



o 



fi 



ta 



o 



ft 



ft 



O 



ft 



ft 





P.ct. 



P.ct. 



P.rt. 



P.ct. 



P.ct. 



P.ct 



P.ct 



P.ct 



P.ct. 



P:<*. 



P.ct P.ct 



Siloam Springs, Ark 



1.18 



1.03 



26.85 



5.54 



0.79 



5.36 



0.64 



0.20 



1.46 



7.24 



1.88 33.26 



Crozet, Va 



.73 



.75 



.45 

 .99 



23.67 

 35.71 



14.28 

 6.46 



5.02 

 5.61 



17.82 

 7.48 



.92 



1.11 



.40 

 .66 



5.49 

 2.81 



15.93 

 8.32 



5.87 46.98 



Mount Jackson, Va 



7.26 46.00 



Saugatuck, Mich.a 



.13 



.09 



13.98 



7.05 



2.92 



7.67 



.09 



.01 



.62 



6.36 



2.33 22.20 



Average 



.68 



.57 



23.85 



7.64 



2.87 



8.92 



.59 



.18 



2.21 



8.55 



3.42 



34.86 



a The figures under calyx, side, and stem for Saugatuck are based on the number of entrance holes in- 

 stead of the number of apples entered. 



CONCLUSIONS. 



From the data presented, covering one season's work in three 

 States, it appears that very satisfactory results may be obtained by 

 the one-spray method, in so far as the control of the codling moth 

 and plum curculio is concerned, although further experimentation 

 will be necessary before final conclusions can be reached. Sight must 

 not be lost, however, of the fact of the necessity, under eastern condi- 

 tions, of making applications of Bordeaux mixture or other fungicide 

 for the control of fungous diseases; so that in effect the one-spray 

 method under present practices can not be recommended to orchard- 

 ists in regions where fungous troubles, such as apple scab, apple 

 fruit blotch, bitter rot, and leaf-spot affections require treatment. 



The results, however, show the great importance of very thorough 

 spraying to fill the calyx cups with poison. The efficiency of the 

 spray at this point is much greater than at any other part of the 

 apple. This, taken in connection with the fact that the majority of 

 the larva? seek the calyx as a point of entrance, makes the filling 

 of the calyx of prime importance. Although the importance of 

 accomplishing this has long been recognized by entomologists and 

 fruit growers, it would appear that this work has not been done 

 with sufficient thoroughness in the past, and eastern apple growers 

 could certainly with great profit give more attention to thorough- 

 ness in the first spraying for the codling moth, immediately after 

 the falling of the petals. The russeting of the fruit following such 

 drenching applications of Bordeaux mixture, in which the arsenical has 

 been generally applied, may doubtless be avoided by the substitution 

 as a fungicide of dilute or self-boiled lime-sulphur wash, as shown to 

 be feasible by Mr. W. M. Scott, of the Bureau of Plant Industry. 



