154 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



Plat 11a, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion. — The formula was as 

 follows : 



Boiling water gallons. . 10 



Fish-oil soap pounds. . 2\ 



Lye do \ 



Crude oil (16° to 22° Baume) gallons.. 3 



The soap and lye were dissolved in the water, which was then 

 placed in a barrel; 22 gallons of water were then added and the oil 

 slowly poured in, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred. A very 

 good emulsion resulted. 



Plat lib, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion. — Same as for plat 11a, 

 except that a " kerosene soap" was used. 



Plat lie, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion. — Same as 11a, except that 

 a 14° Baume crude oil was used. 



Plat lid, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion. — Same as 11a, except that a 

 12° to 14° Baume crude oil was used. 



None of the emulsions for plat 11 was forced through the pumps; 

 but, on the other hand, no water was added to the mixture after the 

 oil had been poured in. It seems to be essential, in order to keep 

 free oil from coming to the top, that this be avoided. A good emulsion 

 resulted in each case. The difference in gravity did not seem to make 

 much difference in the emulsions, but the 16° to 22° Baume, which 

 was a "Coalinga special," appeared to give the best emulsion. All 

 of the crude oils used contained an asphalt base. 



RESULTS. 



The results of the several sprays are given in Table II. 



Table II. — Results of spraying for the European pear scale, San Jose, CaL, 1908. 





Treatment. 



Date 



sprays 

 applied. 



Num- 

 ber 

 trees 

 spray- 

 ed. 



First examination, 

 Mar. 3, 1908. 



Plat 



No. 



Num- 

 ber 

 scales 

 exam- 

 ined. 



Num- 

 ber 

 scales 

 dead. 



Per- 

 cent- 

 age 

 of 



dead 

 scales. 



1 



Lime-sulphur (homemade) 



Feb. 18 

 ...do 



16 

 9 



13 



13 



7 



8 



11 



8 



11 



13 



12 



6 



6 



6 



6 



6 



1,172 

 547 

 838 

 926 

 834 



1,042 

 664 

 995 

 854 

 789 



1,177 

 905 



1,000 

 51 

 581 

 280 

 285 

 364 

 174 

 424 

 780 

 689 

 480 

 632 



85 



2 





9 



3 





...do 





4 





...do.... 



30 





Distillate-oil emulsion (homemade) 



Feb. 19 

 ...do 



34 



56 



do 



34 



6 





...do 



26 



la 





Feb. 20 

 ...do.... 



42 



lb 



do 



91 



8 





...do 



87 



9 





...do 



40 



10 



Caustic soda 



...do 



64 



11a 





Mar. 3 

 ...do 





116 



...do 









He 



do 



.do... 









lid 



...do... 



...do 





















