EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANITJM AND PEAR SCALE. 155 



Table II. — Results of spraying for the European pear scale, San Jose, Cal., 1908 — Con. 



Plat 

 No. 



Treatment. 



Second examina- 



tion, Mar. 21 



, 1908. 



Num- 

 ber 

 scales 



Num- 



Per- 

 cent- 



ber 

 scales 



age 

 of 



exam- 

 ined. 



dead. 



dead 

 scales. 



1,000 



828 



82 



492 



51 



10 



838 



581 



70 



646 



280 



43 



549 



285 



52 



678 



364 



53 



490 



174 



35 



571 



424 



74 



854 



780 



91 



789 



689 



87 



697 



480 



69 



905 



632 



64 



(a) . 



( b ) 



100 



fa) 



(b) 



100 



(a) 



(b) 



100 



(a) 



(o) 



90 



736 



84 



11 



Remarks. 



Third examination, Dec. 17, 



76 



Lime-sulphur (home- 

 made). 



Commercial lime-sul- 

 phur, No. 1. 



Commercial lime-sul- 

 phur, No. 2. 



Commercial distillate- 



_ oil emulsion. 



Distillate oil emulsion 

 (homemade). 



do 



Commercial creosote- 

 oil emulsion. 



Creosote-oil emulsion 

 (homemade). 



do 



Commercial carbolic- 

 distillate emulsion. 



Crude-oil emulsion 



Scale killed better 

 where there is heavy 

 incrustation. 



Lichens not all killed. . 



do 



Lichens all killed; bark 

 hard and injured. 



Lichens all killed 



do 



.do. 



Caustic soda 



Crude-oil emulsion . 



Lichens all killed; 



bark hard. 

 ....do 



Check 1 Unsprayed. 



Many scales living; lichens 



mostly dead. 

 Many scales living; only 

 larger lichens dead. 

 Do. 



Many scales living; no lich- 

 ens killed. 

 Do. 



Do. 



Many scales living; lichens 



mostly living. 

 Many scales living; lichens 

 mostly dead. 

 Do. 

 Do. 



Most all scales dead; lichens 



mostly all dead. 

 Most all scales living; lichens 



mostly all dead. 

 Most all scales dead; lichens 

 mostly all dead. 

 Do. 

 Do. 

 Do. 



a Large number. 



6 All. 



c Nearly all. 



An examination of the table shows that at the end of the season 

 only the crude-oil emulsions had proved adequate in killing all the 

 scales and lichens. No injury to the trees was apparent except where 

 the caustic soda and creosote-oil emulsion were used. 



SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS IN 1909. 



PLAN OP WORK AND MANNER OF APPLICATION. 



A badly infested orchard other than the one used in 1908 was 

 selected and divided into 6 different plats of 32 trees each. Four 

 examinations of infested material . were made in the laboratory and 

 in the field at intervals of three days, three weeks, six weeks, and 

 eight months, respectively, after the applications. A large number 

 of scales was examined from each of the six plats and the check plat. 



The applications were made March 1, 1909, with a strong power 

 outfit, using two leads of hose with 12-foot bamboo rods and single- 

 crook nozzles, with J-inch apertures. A pressure of 200 to 240 

 pounds was maintained, and the trees were given a very thorough 

 treatment. 



