EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM AND PEAR SCALE. 

 Table IV. — Comparative cost of spray materials. 



159 



Treatment. 



6 per cent distillate 

 oil (mechanical 

 mixture). 



6 per cent distillate- 

 oil emulsion. 



5 per cent distillate- 

 oil emulsion and 

 caustic soda. 



4 per cent commercial 

 distillate-oil emul- 

 sion. 



4 per cent commercial 

 distillate-oil emul- 

 sion and caustic 

 soda. 



12 per cent crude-oil 

 emulsion. 



Resin- 



wash . 



Commercial lime-sul- 

 phur No. 1 (1-8). 



Home-made lime-sul- 

 phur. 



Caustic soda. 

 Borax 



Formula. 



Article. 



Oil 



Caustic soda 



Water 



Concentrated emul 



sion. 



Caustic soda 



Water 



Concentrated emul 



sion. 



Caustic soda 



Water 



Emulsion 



Water 



(Emulsion 

 Water 



(Oil 



) Soap 



)Lye 



[Water 



{Resin 

 Caustic soda 

 Fish oil 

 Water 



[Concentrated solu- 



< tion. 



[Water 



[Lime 



< Sulphur 



[Water 



ICausticsoda 



\Water 



IBorax 



IWater 



Quantity. 



6 gallons 



2 pounds 



94 gallons. . . 

 11 gallons. . . 



2 pounds 



89 gallons. . . 



9 gallons 



10 pounds. . . 

 91 gallons. . . 



6| gallons. . . 

 92i 



6§ gallons. . . 

 92J gallons . . 



12 gallons. . 



10 pounds. . 

 2 pounds . . . 

 88 gallons. . 

 20 pounds. . 

 6 pounds... 

 ?> gallons... 

 100 gallons . 



11 gallons. . 



88 gallons. . 

 40 pounds.. 

 30 pounds.. 

 100 gallons . 



12 pounds.. 

 100 gallons . 

 20 pounds.. 

 100 gallons . 



Cost of 

 ingredi- 

 ents. 



$0.42 

 .11 



, 578G 

 ,11 



.4734 

 ,55 



1.00 



1.326 



.3264 

 .0875 

 .1354 



.55 

 .33 

 . 1311 



2.20 



.35 

 .795 



Cost per 

 100 gal- 

 lons. 



.6886 



j- 1.02: 



023 



1.011 



2.20 



1.145 



2.32 



Cost per 

 diluted 

 gallon. 



$0. 0053 



.0102 



. 0132 



.0145 



. 0232 



Cost per 



tree 

 (prune). 



0212 



0275 



1)40* 



0.72S 



058 



0264 

 0928 



Cost 

 per tree 

 (apri- 

 cot). 



$0.0265 



,0344 



.0511 



.05 



.0505 



.033 

 .116 



SUMMARY. 



Distillate-oil emulsion at 5 per cent and 6 per cent strengths, with 

 and without caustic soda; crude-oil emulsion at 12 per cent strength; 

 and resin-soda wash are effective in controlling the European fruit 

 Lecanium and in cleaning up the trees from lichens and do not injure 

 the trees when applied as a winter treatment. 



Distillate-oil emulsion at 5 per cent and 6 per cent strengths, with 

 and without caustic soda; distillate oil at 6 per cent strength (mechan- 

 ical mixture); and crude-oil emulsion at 12 per cent strength are 

 effective in controlling the European pear scale, destroy the lichens, 

 and do not injure the trees when applied as a winter treatment. 



Caustic-soda and creosote-oil emulsion sprays control both of these 

 scales and destroy the lichens, but are injurious to the tree. 



Lime-sulphur and borax sprays are not so efficient in controlling 

 these scales, especially the European fruit Lecanium, as are the 

 distillate-oil and crude-oil emulsions, and borax acts on the trees in 

 the same way as does caustic soda. 



Distillate-oil and crude-oil emulsions appear to have distinct fungi- 

 cidal properties aside from their insecticidal value. 



