THE SMOKY < HANK-FLY. 



129 



BIBDS. 



Among the birds which are known to feed upon the Tipulidse, 

 either as eggs, larvae, or adult-, probably the most important are 

 the wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) , the Alice thrush (Hylo- 

 cichla ulirni), the catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) , the robin 

 [Planesticus migratorius) , and the crow | hyrhynch 



Of the total stomach contents of 22 specimens of the wood thrush, 

 examined at the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. 12 

 per cent was made up of tipulid fragments, while 11 specimens of 

 the Alice thrush contained 8 per cent of tipulid fragment-. 



The following species also, according to the record- of the Bureau 

 of Biological Survey, are known to feed to a greater or less extent 

 on Tipulidae or their eggs : 



Franklin gull {Larus franklini). 

 Woodcock {PhUohela minor). 

 Wilson snipe {OaUinago delicata). 

 Killdeer I Oxy< ch us vocifi rus | . 

 Ruffed grouse {Bonasa umbellus). 

 Mississippi kite {Ictinia mississippir 



ensis I. 

 Yellow-billed cuckoo {Coccyzus amerir 



canus). 

 Black -billed cuckoo {Coccyzus ery- 



throphthalmus | . 

 Kamchatkan cuckoo {Cuculus canorus 



teh phonus >. 

 Downy woodpecker {Dryobates pubes- 



II lis |. 



Yellow-bellied sapsucker I Sphyrapicus 



partus | . 

 Bed-headend woodpecker {Melanerpes 



( rythroa phalus i . 

 Flicker i Cola pU 8 avrotus). 

 Texan nighthawk {ChordeUes acuti- 



/-. nnis U *■< nsis | . 

 Nigbthawk | Chordi Ui s virginianus) . 

 Kingbird {Tyrannus tyrannus). 

 Arkansas kingbird {Tyrannus verti- 



calls i. 

 Crested flycatcher {Myiarchus crinir 



tils). 



Black phoebe {Sayornis nigricans). 



Phoebe i sunt, mis j,hu /. 



Say phoebe {Sayornis say us). 



W 1 pewee {Myiochanes virens). 



Western wood pewee {Myiochanes 



richardsoni) . 

 Western flycatcher {Empidonax diffi- 



cilis). 



Yellow-bellied flycatcher {Empidonax 



flaviventris >. 

 Least flycatcher {Empidonax mini- 



m us ) . 

 Traill flycatcher {Empidonax troiUi). 

 Acadian flycatcher {Empidonax 



cens < . 

 Wright flycatcher i Empidonax 



wrighti i. 

 Blue jay {Cyanocitta cristata). 

 Steller jay {Cyanocitta steUeri). 

 Bobolink {Dolichonyx oryzivorus). 

 Yellow-headed blackbird {Xantko- 



ccphalus xanthocephal 

 Red-winged blackbird {Agelaius pha- 



nia us i. 

 Bicolored red-winged blackbird {Age- 

 laius gubi motor). 

 Meadowlark {Sturnella magna). 

 Bullock «»ri<.le {Icterus bullocki). 

 Baltimore oriole {Icterus galbula). 

 Brewer blackbird {Euphagus cyano- 



ccphalus i. 

 Purple grackle {Quiscalus quiscula). 

 Aleutian rosy tineh {LeucOSticti prise- 



onucha). 

 Bnowflake {Paasertna nivalis). 

 Aleutian savanna sparrow i /'■ 



cuius sandwichent 



J unco y. J unci, hy\ molis). 

 White-throated sparrow {Zonotrichia 



.;<■<,!} is). 

 White-crowned sparrow {Eonotrtchia 



U ucophrys » . 

 Swamp sparrow {MelOSpiza Q\ 



ana). 



