146 CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS. 



When the sand in which they were pupating was kept too damp, 

 larvae and pupse were several times killed in the breeding jars by an 

 undetermined fungus. 



REMEDIES. 



In so far as cotton is concerned, the sovereign remedy would seem 

 to be to refrain from planting it on land previously occupied by cow- 

 peas infested with this pest. If this is not practicable the cotton may 

 be planted thick, and by delaying the " chopping" or thinning as long 

 as possible a uniform stand may still be secured. Planting cowpeas 

 with the cotton would probably cause the beetles to confine their 

 attentions to the former plant. Hand-picking of the beetles has been 

 tried by planters in North Carolina without apparent diminution of 

 their numbers. One grower gathered over 5,000 of the beetles from 

 3 acres of cotton in nine days. 



The larvae, as a rule, do not emerge from the pod until the pods are 

 well ripened. If therefore the crop is being grown for seed the pods 

 may be gathered frequently as they ripen. If stored in a tight, dry 

 bin the larvae as they emerge will be unable to complete their devel- 

 opment. Spraying with arsenic als, if thoroughly done, would prob- 

 ably be efficient, as Doctor Chittenden suggests, but such an expense 

 would be entirely impracticable in the great majority of cases. Para- 

 sites are so abundant that there is no prospect of serious damage, 

 except for short periods over limited areas. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1833-45. Boheman, C. H. — Schoenherr's Genera et Species Curculionidum, vol. 4, 



pp. 388-389. 

 1873. Horn, G. H. — Contributions to a knowledge of the Curculionidse of the United 



States, p. 466. 

 1894. Howard, L. O— Insect Life, vol. 7, p. 280. 

 1902. Scott, W. M., and Fiske, W. F— Bui. 31, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 



28, 34. 

 1904. Chittenden, F. H.— Yearbook U. S. Dept. Agr. for 1903, p. 564. 

 1904. Chittenden, F. H— Bui. 44, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 39-43, figs. 



13-16. 



1904. Sanderson, E. D.— Bui. 74, Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 9. 



1905. Sanderson, E. D— Bui. 57, Bur. Ent., TJ. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 31-33, figs. 16, 17. 



1907. Pierce, W. D— Ann. Rep. Nebr. State Bd. Agr. for 1906-1907, p. 276. 



1908. Pierce, W. D.— Bui. 73, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 42, 44, 47. 

 1908. Pierce, W. D.— Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 1, p. 390. 



1908. Sherman, Franklin, Jr.— Bui. 6, vol. 29, N. C. Dept. Agr., pp. 21-24. 



