b 
THE TRUMPET LEAF-MINER OF THE APPLE. 27 
was never found on blackberry, though growing in abundance near 
infested apple trees. 
SEASONAL HISTORY. 
But little of a definite character has been recorded concerning the 
seasonal history of this species. Clemens states that “ when pupation 
begins the leaf is thrown into a fold, which is carpeted with silk, and 
_ the pupa les within it. This state begins about the latter part of 
September, and the imago appears early in May.” Brunn, who 
studied the species at Ithaca, N. Y., says, referring to the mines, 
“ Within these clean and comfortable quarters the larva passes the 
winter.” The observations of Weed, reported in “Injurious and 
Other Insects of Illinois” (1886), agree entirely with those of 
Brunn; and Lintner, writing in 1895, says it hibernates within the 
leaf in its larval stage. Pettit, in 1900, states that “ The larve are 
said to change to the pupal condition during September, and to re- 
-mmain in that condition until the following May,” and again, in 1904, 
he says, “ The pupal stage is passed in the mines of the leaves, neces- 
sarily on the ground in the winter time.” Observations of Lowe in 
1900 at Geneva, N. Y., agree with those of Brunn and Weed, though 
on October 29 a larva was found evidently about to pupate. 
Until 1900 this species was evidently considered single brooded, 
_ though no definite observations seem to have been made on this point. 
_ During that year Pettit reported for Michigan that full-grown larve 
were found about the middle of July and again September 16, indi- 
cating at least two generations of larve. August 16, 1905, in Niagara 
County, N. Y., the writer found numerous empty mines with pro- 
truded pupa cases, and a single live pupa in a mine. Young larve 
from eight to ten days old were fairly common, indicating a seeond 
generation for that section. 
The abundance of the insects in the vicinity of Washington during 
the past two years has permitted some observations on this point. 
In 1905 the insect was first noticed, May 30, on an isolated apple 
tree near the writer’s home in Kalorama Heights, D. C., and this 
tree has been kept under observation during the seasons of 1905 and 
1906. On May 30, 1905, when first seen, the first generation of 
larve was maturing, one pupa being found, and by June 18 the 
great majority of larve had pupated, and quite 25 per cent of the 
moths had already emerged. ‘The first generation of larve was quite 
abundant, almost every leaf having 8 to 10 mines. Practically all 
upe had yielded moths by June 30, and the leaves were peppered 
ith eggs, many of which had already hatched, the larve being yet 
aite small, in linear mines. By July 27 the second generation of 
larve had mostly pupated and many moths were out and ovipositing. 
