30 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
TREATMENT. 
When excessively abundant, as has been the case in several localities - 
during the past two or three years, the injury done by the larve in | 
the leaves will cause many of these to fall prematurely, interfering — 
with the proper development of the fruit and the health of the tree, 
and its control, therefore, becomes a matter of importance. This 
can perhaps best be accomplished by plowing the orchard in the ~ 
spring, covering as much as possible all fallen leaves and trash, as in — 
the former the larvee pass the winter, and it is practically certain that 
the moths will not be able to make their escape from the soil. This 
work should be done not later than the blooming period of the trees, 
to insure covering up the infested leaves before any early-emerging 
moths escape. As this method of control involves no extra labor. — 
not requisite in proper orchard treatment, this species, which has but 
recently attracted attention as a pest of the apple orchards, is not to 
be regarded as a serious pest of the apple in the sense that it will 
require independent treatment. 
After the insect has become established in orchards, and its im- 
mediate control appears necessary, a thorough spraying of infested 
trees with 12 or 15 per cent kerosene emulsion made in the usual way 
would no doubt result in the destruction of the larvee and pupe in the 
mines in the leaves, and possibly also of the eggs scattered over the 
foliage. Such work, however, should be done on clear, bright days, 
to lessen as much as possible danger of injury to the foliage from the 
spray. Tests of a kerosene lime emulsion alone, and with Bordeaux 
mixture and Paris green, have been reported by Prof. C. P. Close, 
formerly of the Delaware College Agricultural Experiment Station, 
in Bulletin 73 of that institution. In the experience of Professor 
Close, applications in early August of 10 and 15 per cent kerosene 
lime emulsions, with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, were quite 
effective in killing larve and pupe in the leaves. Applications of | 
kerosene lime emulsions in September on the succeeding brood were | 
not so successful in killing the insects, and the apple foliage was 
injured, possibly on account of its weakened condition following the | 
work of the miners. 
