40 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
row of these spines after the fifth abdominal segment, and in the male 
after the 6th abdominal segment. The secondary sexual characters 
are therefore distinct (Beutenmiiller, 1901, p. 231). The cremaster 
consists of eight stout spines surrounding the anal end. Structurally 
the pupa is similar to that of the peach borer, but easily distinguished 
from it by its much smaller size and lighter color, by the smaller and 
lighter cocoons, and by the more finely granulated structure of the 
latter. The pupa varies considerably in length, being from 10-17 
mm., averaging about 14 mm. 
Just after scr the pupa is nearly white, gradually turning 
darker and becoming its normal color after some hours. As the in- 
star approaches its close, it turns darker and darker, gradually assum- 
ing the color of the inclosed moth, becoming steel blue-black a day or 
so before emergence. Emergence, however, may be delayed several 
days after the assumption of this color. In the cocoon the pupa is 
naturally covered with more or less moisture. 
The duration of the pupal instar varies according to season and 
latitude. At Myrtle, Ga., and vicinity records of actual instars ob- 
tained during 1906, from pupe first formed, in the late winter and 
early spring, showed a maximum period of 32 days, and a mini- 
mum period, toward the end of April, of 20 days. In the latitude 
of Washington, D. C., records obtained in 1905 for first pupee, formed 
in April, the adults emerging early in May, gave the actual pupal 
instar from 20 to 30 days. By the oe of May in the same lati- 
tude the period had decreased to from 153 to 17 days, where it re- 
mained for the rest of the month. Mr. W. F. Fiske records the 
actual pupal instar at Tryon, N. C., as being about 26 days during 
May, 1904. These records do not include the several days spent in 
the cocoon as a larva, which must be added. 
Immediately preceding the final ecdysis the pupa becomes restless 
and somewhat swollen, and, by aid of the rows of spines with which 
it is armed, rather quickly works its way through the anterior end of 
the cocoon up to about its fourth or fifth abdominal segment. The 
moth emerges while the pupa is in this position, projecting for more 
than half its length from the cocoon. (See fig. 10, e.) 
The adult—Moths of the lesser peach borer (fig. 10, a, and Pl. VI, 
fig. 1) resemble in general others of the family AXgeriide and more 
particularly the males of the peach borer. They may be distinguished 
most easily from the latter by the fact of their bearing but two yellow 
bands on the abdomen, on the second and fourth segments, respec- 
tively, the band on the fourth segment sometimes not entirely encir- 
cling it; whereas the male of the peach borer has a yellow band on the 
posterior margin of each of the abdominal segments, some of which 
may be more or less obsolete. The males of the latter are also larger 
than the moths of the former, but again agree in having a general 
