Bos, De A. B. Bb: Bul..68, Part V. D. F. I. I., January 8, 1908. 
PAPERS ON DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
THE LESSER APPLE WORM. 
(Enarmonia prunivora Walsh.) 
By A. L. QUAINTANCE, 
In charge of Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. 
INTRODUCTION. 
During the past three years the species known as Enarmonia pru- 
nivora has been found very commonly infesting the fruit of the apple 
in various parts of the United States, in some sections so abundantly 
as to cause serious loss to orchardists, the insect ranking in impor- 
tance as an apple pest close to the codling moth. 
The small, fusiform, flesh-colored larve, about three-eighths of an 
inch long, injure the fruit around the calyx by eating out shallow 
cavities or boring holes into the flesh from one-fourth to one-half inch 
or more in depth, in the ripening fruit occasionally penetrating to the 
seeds. The surface of the fruit, especially in the calyx basin, is also 
injured, the larvee working beneath the skin and eating out galleries 
or large blotch mines, frequently with holes or borings extending 
more deeply into the flesh. The work of this species resembles rather 
closely that of the codling moth, and the similarity of the larv: 
to the codling moth larva and a further similarity in the life his- 
tories and habits of the two species have doubtless been responsible 
for the almost complete oversight in the United States of this species 
as an important enemy of the apple. 
HISTORY. 
The lesser apple worm was discovered by Walsh in Illinois during 
July, 1867, in the course of a study of the plum curculio (Conotrache- 
lus nenuphar Hbst.). Walsh found the larva in plum and about a 
month later bred out numerous moths from the same fruit. In the 
Prairie Farmer for December, 1867, page 359, under the caption 
“The plum moth,” he makes brief reference to his discovery, and the 
same year, in the First Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois, 
49 
