5O DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
page 78, presents figures and a full description, with interesting 
observations on its feeding habits, ete. He records having bred the 
moth the year previous from the “ black-knot” of plum, from the 
cockscomb-lke hollow gall (wlmicola Fitch) on the leaf of an elm, 
which is produced and inhabited by aphides, and also from a sessile 
hollow gall about the size and shape of a large pea or small cherry on 
the leaf of red oak (Quercus rubra) and described by Mr. Bassett as 
Quercus singularis. 
The rearing of moths from larvee in curculio-infested plums and 
“ black-knot ” and from elm and oak galls led Mr. Walsh to surmise 
that the larve did not infest sound plums and “ black-knots,” but fol- 
lowed the injury caused by the curculio, and in the elm and oak galls 
he believed the larvee to be guests, it being uncertain whether they fed 
upon the tissues of the gall, upon the gall insects, or, in the case of the 
elm leaf gall, upon the sugary dust secreted by the aphides. Glover, 
in his report xs Entomologist of the United States Department of 
Agriculture for 1867, page 73, briefly refers to Mr. Walsh’s discovery, 
adding nothing, however, in the way of personal observations. 
In Riley’s First Missouri Report, page 65 (1869), brief reference 
is made to the plum moth in connection with a consideration of the 
plum-feeding habits of the codling moth, and again in the Third 
Report, page 6 (1871), it is mentioned as feeding on apples as they 
mature. Later in the same report (p. 25), under the caption “ Two 
true parasites of the plum curculo,” Doctor Riley points out 
Walsh’s error in supposing that Sigalphus curculionis Fitch was not 
a parasite of the plum curculio, but of his plum moth, adding that 
this last insect had been bred by him from galls (Quercus frondosa 
Bassett), from haws, from crab apples, and abundantly from culti- 
vated apples. In a footnote to an article on the codling moth in his 
Fifth Report, page 5 (1873), Riley comments further on this species 
as follows: “ There is another and smaller worm, namely, the larva 
of what Mr. Walsh called the plum moth (Semasza prunivora Walsh), 
which is quite common on haws and apples. It does not penetrate 
deeply into the apple, but remains around the calyx and generally 
spins up there, and it so closely resembles the young apple worm that 
the two might be easily confounded.” In the American Entomolo- 
gist for 1880, page 131, in an article on parasites of the plum curculio, 
Doctor Riley quotes from his previous article on this subject in his 
Third Report, page 25. 
The species is next mentioned in economic literature by James 
Fletcher in his report as Entomologist and Botanist to the Central 
Experimental Farm (Canada) for 1896, page 261, where he records 
that in Victoria, B. C., in 1895, specimens of a small caterpillar were 
found feeding on the surface of the fruit of the apple, particularly 
at the calyx end, eating the skin and mining a short distance beneath 
