52 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
ing on outer surface of apples,” and the work of which he well illus-_ 
trated in figure 2 of Plate Il. The injured apples were brought to 
the attention of the Bureau of Entomology by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, 
in October, 1901, the fruit having been purchased in the open market 
in Washington; it probably came from near-by orchards in Virginia 
or Maryland. In November, apples showing this same injury were 
found by Doctor Howard. A brief description of the larva is given 
by Simpson; none, however, was reared to the adult stage. 
In Bulletin No. 22, new series, of the Division of Entomology, 
Chittenden, writing of “ Insects and the weather; observations dur- 
ing the season of 1899,” refers to the plum moth (Grapholitha pruni-_ 
vora) as having been quite abundant in some orchards, attacking and 
destroying both plums and apples. 
Webster and Newell, in an article on “ Insects of the year in Ohio 
in 1901” (Bulletin No. 31, new series, Division of Entomology, p. 
89), record having bred Grapholitha pr univora from berries of a 
species of Crategus.. This species is again mentioned by Fletcher 1 in 
his report for 1905, page 25 (1907). 
Finally, Messrs. Gintieane Headlee, and Brooks, in writing of the 
second brood of the codling moth (Bulletin 131, N. H. College Agric. 
Exp. Station, p. 25), mention the occurrence in late August of young 
larve, evidently just hatched, eating on the surface 08 the fruit. 
These small larve of the Baan brood feed “upon or just under 
the surface, often around or in the calyx, or where a leaf or another 
apple comes in contact with the skin, and rarely bore into the apple 
as does the first brood. Rarely do these worms of the second brood 
become full grown in this latitude, but late in September, when 
half grown, they form their winter cocoons. The difference in the 
food habits of this second brood has been observed by many grow- 
ers and has led some to the behef that the work is that of a different 
insect.” From the foregoing description of the work and habits of — 
this larva, and from the figure presented of injured apples, it is 
possible that the insect in question is the species under consideration. 
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION. | 
The lesser apple worm” is doubtless a native insect, as indicated 
by its feeding on indigenous species of Crategus, crab apples, and — 
wild plums. The fact that it attacks cultivated plums and apples is | 
not surprising in view of the close relationship of these wild and | 
domestic fruits, and finds parallel in the case of numerous other | 
American species which have become destructive to cultivated crops. 
a This name, first used by Fletcher for this species, is adopted in preference to | 
Walsh’s name, “ plum moth,” on account of the greater injury to apples. 
