ecient mines jerome experi mals So 
54 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
large percentage of the crop. Almost equally serious injury from the 
lesser apple worm to fruit at time of harvesting was noted by the 
writer in orchards in the vicinity of Afton, Va., during the fall of 
1905. Observations on this species by Mr. Fred Johnson, of this 
Bureau, at North East, Pa., during 1906, indicate that it is in that 
locality quite as abundant and destructive to apples as is the codling 
moth, attacking also Domestica varieties of plums. During the sum- 
mer of 1906, in orchards in southeastern Nebraska, this insect was 
observed by Mr. Dudley Moulton, of this Bureau, and the writer to 
be everywhere abundant and destructive, and late in the season almost 
equally so with the codling moth. 
Frequent examinations in the Washington markets of apples in 
barrels, coming mostly from orchards in Maryland, Virginia, and 
West Virginia, show often an injury by this species of from 15 to 20 
per cent of the fruit, some of this occurring after the apples have 
been barreled, as proved by the presence of the larva. From these 
statements may be judged something of its present status and capa- 
bilities as an apple pest. 
CHARACTER OF INJURY. 
The great similarity of the injury to apples by this species with 
that of the larva of the codling moth and the similarity of the larva 
itself to an immature apple worm no doubt account for the fact that 
its considerable economic importance in the United States has been 
thus far overlooked. There are, however, certain differences in the 
character of injury of the two species, and in most cases the work of 
the lesser apple worm, in the absence of the insect itself, may be posi- 
tively recognized. Injury by the first brood is perhaps confined more 
to the calyx end of the apple than later in the season. Cavities or 
holes from one-fourth to one-half inch deep are eaten into the flesh 
more or less around the calyx lobes and core within, the larve eating 
directly through the skin at the base of the sepals, or more commonk 
especially where two are in contact or where an apple is touched by a 
leaf. Much of the fruit thus injured falls or ripens prematurely. 
winding or blotch mines, which are quite conspicuous. Under the 
