58 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
So far as observed, the winter is passed in the full grown larval con- 
dition. Cocoons are formed in cracks and crevices of the bark of 
apple trees, under bark scales, and probably wherever suitable protec- 
tion may be found. Observations by Mr. 8. W. Foster, of the Bureau 
of Entomology, October 21, 1907, in an orchard badly infested with 
this insect in the vicinity of Washington, revealed larve in cocoons in 
cracks in the bark and crevices, the small size of the larve enabling 
them to work into very small openings. In a breeding cage under 
out-of-door conditions, in the insectary yard at Washington. larve 
from fruit of Crateegus spun cocoons in cracks in the bark and under 
the bark scales of a portion of a limb of pear tree which had been 
introduced, and a few larvee penetrated as deeply as possible in cracks 
in one end of the limb. The cocoons are made of bits of surrounding 
bark and are thus rendered difficult of detection; the interior is lined 
with whitish silk. First-brood larvee often pupate in the calyx end of 
apples, or in plums, after these have fallen to the ground, and several 
instances have been observed where pupation has occurred in small, 
dry, and withered apples on the trees, and also in the fruit of Crate- 
gus. In breeding cages larvee have been observed to fold over flaps of 
apple leaves, making their cocoons in the protection thus formed. A 
few larve have been found under bands around apple trees, as used 
for capturing codling-moth larve, though not in sufficient numbers to— 
indicate that the larve in summer go to the trunks of trees in 
numbers for pupation. 
The overwintering larve pupate in the spring, the moths probably 
emerging about as.is true for the codling moth. Observations by Mr. 
Fred Johnson, at North East, Pa., are to the effect that full-grown || 
larvee are abundant in apples during early July. At Siloam Springs, © 
Ark., the past summer, Mr. E. L. Jenne secured moths June 20, 25 
and 30, from apples collected May 31, and full-grown larve were 
found in apples that were collected at eae Vaz Tae 26, 1907, the™ 
moths emerging July 12, and subsequently to ae 21; also full- 
grown ieee were found in apples sent in by Mr. L. M. Smith, 
Raleigh, N. C., June 8, 1907, and moths emerged June 28, July 1, 
and subsequently until the 23d. From apples from Bomone Ga. 
received June 4, one moth emerged July 8. Apples collected at 
Winchester, Va., June 15, by Mr. 8. W. Foster, gave adults July 3 
and 9. Other breeding records for 1907 bear out those cited, though 
it should be noted that moths have been reared from fruit over 
practically the entire season, indicating an overlapping of genera- | 
tions perhaps more pronounced than is the case with the codling 
moth. However, in the Ozarks, in Arkansas, by July 18 to 25, 1907, 
75 per cent of the fruit “aye by this insect had Ngee been 
deserted and the remaining larve were practically all full grown. 
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