GRAPE ROOT-WORM INVESTIGATIONS IN 1907. 67 
eges or over; medium, when containing about 30 eggs; and small, 
when containing about 10 eggs. Examinations were made in three 
parts of the vineyard. An unsprayed check plat of 1 acre was left 
on one side of the vineyard and the egg clusters found on 25 con- 
secutive vines, at a date after the maximum number of eggs had been 
deposited, were recorded in the manner just described. A similar ex- 
amination was made on 25 consecutive vines in the sprayed portion, 
six rows over from the check plat, and a further examination on 25 
sprayed vines on the opposite side of the vineyard, the main object 
of this last examination being to determine the uniformity of egg 
deposition throughout the vineyard. 
RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS OF 
SEASON’S WORK. 
The work of the past season, at North East, Pa., indicates that 
thorough and timely spraying of infested vines with arsenate of lead 
will, by preventing the deposition of a sufficiently high percentage of 
eggs, reduce the number of grape root-worms to such an extent that 
they will not seriously affect the growth of the vines. In order to 
make the spray effective, however, the first application must be made 
either immediately before, or as soon as the first beetle is seen in 
the vineyard. 
Since the emergence of the beetles from the soil is governed largely 
by weather conditions, especially those of temperature, no definite 
date for making the first application can be given. For instance, the 
records of Felt and Slingerland show that in normal seasons the 
beetles commence to appear during the last week or ten days in June, 
whereas, in 1907, none was found in vineyards by the writer until 
July 15, although he had spent a large portion of every day in the 
vineyards for a week or two preceding that date. Hence, it is very 
necessary to watch the development of the larve and pupe in the soil. 
The emergence of the beetles in our breeding cages during the past 
season coincides very closely with the appearance of the beetles in 
vineyards. The first two beetles appeared in the cages on the morn- 
ing of July 14; by the 15th a large number had emerged, and the same 
day the beetles were very numerous on foliage in vineyards on gravel 
soil. Nearly 50 per cent of the beetles which matured from 750 larve, 
placed in the soil in our breeding cages, emerged on the third and 
fourth days after the first beetle appeared. This simultaneous emer- 
gence of so large a percentage of beetles shows the necessity of having 
the first spray application upon the vines by the time the first beetles 
appear, or, at least, to have the spraying equipment in readiness so 
that the application may be made with the least possible delay. 
The time of emergence of the beetles can be determined quite closely 
by examining the condition of the pupx in the soil every few days 
