70 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
of systematic care. But for various reasons, principally that of 
neglecting to apply sprays at proper times and in a thorough man- 
ner, the results had been very unsatisfactory. The work herewith 
reported, and carried out in cooperation with Mr. W. M. Scott, of 
the Bureau of Plant Industry, included the entire orchard and was 
designed to give freedom from the codling moth and fungous diseases 
as well. The entire orchard was sprayed except a few trees for pur- 
poses of comparison. 
Location of unsprayed trees used in determining results —The un- 
sprayed trees used for counts of fruit in this demonstration were 
selected just prior to the first spraying. With two exceptions the 
trees were in each of two rows running through the middle of the 
orchard, five rows apart. Two pippin trees (one to be sprayed and 
one to be left unsprayed) were also selected near the edge of the 
orchard for possible comparison with other treated and untreated 
trees. 
Treatment.—As bitter rot and apple scab had in previous years 
caused serious injury to the fruit in this orchard, a treatment was 
planned to control both insects and fungous diseases, namely, the 
application of Bordeaux mixture with an arsenical added. Six 
applications of Bordeaux mixture were made, using for the first 
application 4 pounds of bluestone and 6 pounds of quicklime to 
50 gallons of water, and for the subsequent applications 5 pounds 
of bluestone and 5 pounds of quicklime to 50 gallons of water. Arse- 
nate of lead, 2 pounds to 50 gallons of the mixture, was used with 
the first, second, and fifth applications. 
Times of application.—The first application (4-6-50 formula of 
Bordeaux mixture plus 2 pounds arsenate of lead) was applied just 
after the blossoms fell, to fill the calyx cavities of the apples with 
poison, and, owing to continued unfavorable weather, was very 
much prolonged, from April 30 to May 9. The second application 
was made three weeks later, about the time it was thought that the 
moths from the over-wintering larvee would begin to deposit eggs in 
numbers, that is, from May 21 to 27; the third application, five 
weeks later, June 24 to 26; the fourth, July 10 to 13. The fifth, 
containing arsenate of lead, for the second brood of larve, was 
apphed soon after the first adults began to emerge from the cocoons 
of the first-brood larve, July 25 to 29. The sixth, being the last, 
was a treatment with Bordeaux mixture alone, and was applied 
from August 12 to 15. 
The outfit used consisted of a large hand pump with two hori- 
zontal cylinders mounted on a 200-gallon tank, and two leads of 
hose with 15-foot extension rods, with double Vermorel nozzles. 
A platform elevated about 4 feet over the rear end of the tank proved 
very advantageous, especially for the first application, as it enabled 
