DEMONSTRATION SPRAYING FOR THE CODLING MOTH. 73 
and west. There are about 250 trees in the orchard, consisting 
mainly of Baldwins, with several rows of Greenings on the north 
side which were not used in the work. The trees are about 30 
years old; most of them about 25 feet high, with corresponding 
spread of limbs. 
_ Previous to the spring of 1907 the orchard had been in sod for 
many years, and no pruning had been done for a like period. The 
orchard was kept under observation during the summer of 1906, 
and the condition of the fruit at harvest time was carefully noted. 
Under the management to which the orchard had been subjected 
for many years, the grass had been cut for hay, no spraying had 
been done, and no fruit had been picked from the trees, although 
in 1906 the ground beneath a large number of them was covered 
with fallen fruit, indicating that a fair crop of fruit had set. Some 
of this fruit was picked up and sold at $0.17 per hundredweight 
for cider-making purposes. Practically all of this fruit was injured 
by the codling moth and the plum curculio. 
On September 5, 1906, a Baldwin tree was selected as fairly 
representing the condition of the trees in the orchard, and all of 
the fruit then on the ground was picked up and classified as to 
injury by codling moth and plum curculio, and all fruit which fell 
to the ground after this date, and that picked at harvest time, was 
likewise classified. 
The total picked and dropped fruit, amounting in all to 2,766 
apples, showed 95.62 per cent injury by the codling moth, and 62.55 
per cent bearing egg and feeding punctures of the plum curculio. 
The owner of the orchard, at the suggestion of the writer, decided 
to prune and cultivate the orchard in 1907, and it was placed at the 
disposal of the Bureau of Entomology for spraying experiments. 
The trees were pruned very early in the spring and the sod broken up 
and cultivated twice later in the summer. One hundred and fifty 
trees, all Baldwins, with the exception of a few scattered Astrachans, 
were laid out into 15-tree plats, including a check plat, and treated 
with Bordeaux mixture and an arsenical in a way to ascertain the 
value of applications at different dates. One of these plats received 
the usual ‘‘demonstration’’ treatment for that latitude, and it is from 
this plat and the check plat that the data to be given were obtained. 
Three applications of spray were made: (First) June 10, immedi- 
ately after petals fell; (second) July 2, three weeks later, when first 
eggs of codling moth were being deposited; (third) August 9, when 
adults were beginning to emerge and to deposit eggs for the second 
brood. The 5-5-—3-50 formula was used—that is, 5 pounds copper 
sulphate, 5 pounds stone lime, 3 pounds arsenate of lead, and 50 
gallons of water. 
10090—Bull. 68 —09-———G 
