76 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
June 14, July 25-26, and August 15. The table below shows the 
results, as determined from 5 sprayed and 5 unsprayed trees in each _ 
plat: 
TaBLe V.—Comparison of sound and wormy fruit from 5 sprayed and 5 unsprayed trees, 
Ben Davis variety, Roudebush Orchard, Owensville, Ohio, 1907. 
Windfalls. Fruit from tree. 
— + »-: 
| ° a ai 
: ame ° o = 
Date of spraying and | Total BS i Bb SS g ee B iS oe 
number of trees. crop. S GE = E SE a a ae S S 
< Zo S 2 AS S s si) ele S a a 
om pnts la ice = ea ees = as BH |e 
Sprayed May 10, June 
145) Diuly, 925; and 
August 15: Trees 1 | Bushels.| No. | No. | No. No. No. No. No. No. ; 
to 5 combined...... 9.8 78 | 1,997 | 2,075 121 | 1,571 | 1,692 199 | 3,568 | 3,767 | 94.72 
Unsprayed: Checks A | | 
to E combined..... 3.25 | 1,992 | 2,218 | 4,210 651 68 719 | 2,643 | 2,286 | 4,929 | 46.38 
The tabulated results show that the four applications gave about 
94 per cent fruit free from codling moth injury and trebled the yield 
in bushels, while the total marketable crop in bushels was more than 
twice doubled. In the checks the percentage of wormy fruit in the 
total yield was 46.38 per cent, whereas in the sprayed trees it was 
but 5.28 per cent. The contrast between the treated and untreated 
trees at harvest time was marked, even to the casual eye, because the 
latter had been partly defoliated by various leaf-feeding insects, 
and the attack of the codling moth and plum curculio had been dis- 
astrous to the fruit yet remaining; whereas the foliage and fruit of 
treated trees were in almost perfect condition. The four treatments 
also prevented over 50 per cent of the injury of the plum curculio, 
which is a more serious enemy of apples in this vicinity than is the 
codling moth. 
The four applications required 450 gallons of the mixture at a cost 
of $0.016 per gallon, a total cost of $7.20 for the Bordeaux mixture 
and poison. Adding the cost of labor for 2 men at $1.50 per day and a 
team at $2 per day for one and one-half days, which 1s $7.50, the cost of 
the whole operation was $14.70, or at the rate of $0.54 per tree. Placing 
the price of apples per bushel at $1, the net returns from a single 
unsprayed tree would be about 36 cents, whereas the net returns from 
a single sprayed tree would be $1.31, a net gain of about 95 cents 
per tree. As will be seen from the table, the crop in this orchard was 
quite light. With a normal crop the percentage of benefit would 
have been much larger. 
