94 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
a slight degree; and as the beetles have been taken at Youngstown, 
Ohio, and are reported from West Virginia and Michigan, it is very 
probable that this species is at present more or less generally dis- 
tributed throughout the State. 
At Lakeside a lime manufacturing company bought up most of 
the land comprising the peninsula for commercial purposes. On 
this land are many remnants of orchards, which are uncultivated 
and unecared for, and are attacked by scale and numerous other in- 
sects. These trees are gradually being destroyed by the insects and 
are seriously attacked by Phlewotribus liminaris. Pieces of bark 2 
to 3 feet long and extending half way around the trunk will be com- 
pletely cut from a tree 8 inches in diameter by the larve, The dead 
trees in these orchards were uninfested when observed, but the bark 
was full of exit holes and the trees were girdled. (See Pl. XI, 
fig. 2.) Until these infested trees are all killed they will afford 
ideal breeding places for the beetles while they attack the near-by 
orchards in large numbers, either for food or in efforts to make egg 
burrows. These abandoned orchards undoubtedly have much to 
do with the large number of beetles present in this locality. Plate 
XI, figure 1, shows a view of one of these orchards which was cut 
back for the purpose of renovation. The result was that the trees 
developed a strong growth and were almost free from attack at the 
end of the season. 
The reasons for the attack by beetles on apparently healthy trees, 
while important to know, can not yet be explained. Several orchards 
were observed where the beetles were attacking the trees in numbers 
without forming egg burrows. These orchards had borne crops con- 
tinuously each year, but appeared to be becoming gradually weaker 
each season, and large quantities of sap oozed out and collected at 
the base of the trees during the summer months. In one case in 
which an orchard had been very badly injured, whitewashing the 
trees was tried, and the present season (1908) the trees appear healthy 
and thrifty with but few beetles present, these having worked into 
the smaller branches above the whitewash. 
EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF INJURY. 
When the beetles are present in large numbers their injury to the 
trees is quickly brought to the attention of the orchardist by the large 
amount of sap exuding from the trees through the many small bor- 
ings made both in the trunk and limbs of the tree. (See PI. X, fig. 1.) 
In some instances from 1 to 3 or more gallons of sap will flow from 
a single tree during a season. The writer observed one wild-cherry 
