100 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
it eats its way out at or just above the bottom of the egg and begins 
to feed along the under surface of the bark. When first hatched 
the larve are slightly longer than the egg but are less in diameter. 
After emerging from the eggshell they are found lying in a slightly 
curved position in the larval burrows. At first they are white but 
soon assume a pinkish tinge due to the bark in the digestive tube. 
The larye at first feed slowly and are several days getting away 
from the eggshell but progress faster as they grow larger. As 
they work out of the eggshell the sawdustlike excrement passed 
through the body fills these and holds them in place as the larvee 
work out. The excrement voided by the larve marks their path, 
appearing like very fine sawdust. 
The larve work away from the brood chambers at right angles, 
following, for the most part, the grain of the wood. For from one- 
half to three-fourths of an inch the larval burrows lie side by side, 
but later they diverge, so that the exit holes (Pl. X, fig. 2) form an 
irregular ellipse around the brood chamber. The larval burrows 
measure from 14 to 2% inches in length. When about to pupate in 
bark, which is about one-eighth of an inch or more in thickness, the 
larvee work toward the outer edge of the bark and there form pupal 
cells. In these cells the larve continue to develop from one to three 
or more days before casting the skin and becoming pupe. 
Some 25 to 30 days are required for the full development of the 
larve. At the end of this time, having finished feeding, they void 
the excrement before pupating and have then a white appearance. 
Through the life of the larve the head is covered with a fine yellow- 
ish pubescence, which is more abundant about the mouth parts than 
elsewhere. (Full-grown larva, fig. 20, d.) 
Description of full-grown larva.—Length, 2.15-2.75 mm.; width across thorax 
(widest part of insect), about 1.16 mm. Head subelliptical, about 0.6 mm. wide, 
yellowish, apex lighter; mandibles brownish, dark at tip. Body white, curved, 
tapering from thorax to rounded caudal end, quite wrinkled; legless, but on 
ventral surface of thoracic segments a small group of setze at points of position 
of the adult’s legs. Head with a few sparse sete and a few on body. Body 
covered all over with many minute, short, stout spines. 
THE PUPA. 
The pupe (fig. 20, e€) are quite active, moving the abdomen con- 
tinually back and forth. From 4 to 10 days are spent in the pupal 
stage, the pupa gradually assuming a dark color. When the pupal 
skin is cast, the beetles are very tender; they require from 4 to 6 days 
to completely harden and usually do not cut their way out from the 
pupal cells until they have fed a little, after which they remain in 
the pupal cells for from several days to two weeks longer. 
