EXAMPLES OF MOSQUITO EXTERMINATING MEASURES. 107 



a little later Dr. Quitman Kohnke, of New Orleans; Mr. II. C. 

 Weeks, of Bayside, Long Island; Mr. W. J. Matheson, of Lloyds 

 Neck, Long Island; Major Barton, of Winchester, Va.; Dr. W. S. 

 Thayer, of Baltimore; Mr. Wm. Lyman Underwood, of Boston; Dr. 

 A. H. Doty, of New York; Mr. Spencer Miller, of South Orange, N. J. ; 

 Dr. W. F. Robinson, of Elizabeth, N. J.; and Dr. J. W. Dupree, of 

 Baton Rouge, La. We have not mentioned any entomologists in this 

 list, but surely Dr. John B. Smith, of New Jersey; Prof. Glenn W. 

 Herrick, of Mississippi; Dr. E. P. Felt, of New York; Prof. H. A. 

 Morgan, of Louisiana; Dr. W. E. Britton, of Connecticut; and Mr. 

 D. L. Van Dine, of Hawaii, should be named, and of course since 

 those early days nearly every economic entomologist has become an 

 apostle. After 1902 the ranks became greatly increased, and at the 

 present time conditions are being bettered, although still without the 

 existence of any large well-organized campaign directed solely against 

 malaria. 



One of the best pieces of work with a direct antimalarial bearing 

 that has been carried on in this country, and that was begun at an 

 early date, is that started on Staten Island under Doctor Doty, the 

 health officer of the port of New York. The following account is 

 largely taken, word for word, from a letter recently received from 

 Doctor Doty, but it can not be directly quoted on account of occa- 

 sional necessary alterations of the verbiage of a personal letter. 



Staten Island, lying in New York Harbor, had had a rather un- 

 enviable reputation on account of the great number of mosquitoes 

 present and the continued presence of malaria. It was largely on 

 account of the latter condition that Doctor Doty began his investi- 

 gation in 1901. He soon found that there were two factors to deal 

 with in this work, namely, the inland mosquitoes and the salt-marsh 

 mosquitoes. 



In the extermination of the inland mosquitoes, the section of Staten 

 Island which was known to contain many cases of malaria both in 

 the acute and chronic forms was selected for experimental work. 

 This section consisted of a basin or lowland about a mile square, 

 containing about 100 small dwelling houses some distance apart. 

 Within its boundaries were a large number of stagnant pools varying 

 in size from 10 feet in diameter to an acre or more in area. A house- 

 to-house visit showed that at least 20 per cent of the inhabitants of 

 this district were suffering with some form of malaria, and in the 

 immediate vicinity of every house were found typical breeding places 

 in the shape of old tinware, rain-water barrels, cisterns, cesspools, 

 and ground depressions, many of which contained larviw For the 

 purpose of detecting the presence of adult Anopheles, glass tubes 

 fitted with cotton plugs were distributed among the occupants of 

 these houses, with the request that the mosquitoes found in the 



