DISCUSSION OF VARIETIES. 41 



The tree is of fairly vigorous, upright growth and generally productive. The fruit 

 is small to medium in size ; oval, somewhat irregular, inclined to be conic ; when fully 

 colored nearly the entire surface is deep red, with a light bloom; tender, juicy, with 

 brisk subacid flavor; quality good to very good. Its season of maturity usually begins 

 from June 10 to 15 in the North Carolina section; in Delaware it averages about three 

 weeks later, continuing for about two weeks. 



Under good cultural conditions it bears more or less annually, with a good propor- 

 tion of fairly heavy crops. It probably does not withstand neglect as well as some 

 varieties do, but it responds readily to good culture. The foliage is somewhat subject 

 to some of the leaf-spot fungi. Apple scab is frequently serious on the fruit if not well 

 sprayed, but with proper attention to these details excellent fruit of the variety is 

 grown. There are some indications that rather finer fruit is produced on the heavier 

 soil in this region than on the very light sandy types. 



The small size of the fruit is the most serious defect as a commercial variety. Some 

 seasons, however, it is profitable as a market sort and is always desirable as a dessert 

 apple for home use. 



In some sections of this region, especially in North Carolina where this sort has 

 been widely grown for many years, there is a considerable number of varieties, mostly 

 unnamed and of local distribution, that very closely resemble Red June in appearance 

 and in other ways. They may be seedlings of this variety, though as a rule little or 

 nothing is known of their origin. The most of them ripen about with Red June and 

 are similar to it in size, color, and flavor. Others are larger in size, some are distinctly 

 more acid, while still others are sweet in flavor. 

 Roadstown. Synonym: Roadstow7i Pippin. 



This is a local variety which originated in southern New Jersey near a place by the 

 name of Roadstown, and, so far as observed, its cultivation has not extended much 

 beyond the region of its origin. 



The tree is a strong upright grower. It produces very heavy crops and tends to bear 

 annually. The fruit is large; greenish yellow, frequently bronzed on the exposed side; 

 subacid; rather oblate in shape; good dessert quality, and especially fine for cooking. 

 It does not reach full maturity until about September 1, but it is a large apple and de- 

 velops to a good size for culinary purposes relatively early in the season, so that ship- 

 ping begins by the latter part of July. In this respect it is similar to English Codlin, 

 and like this variety it usually meets with a ready sale in the Boston markets at more 

 satisfactory prices than most other varieties with which it comes into competition. 

 In this section of New Jersey , where the soil is heavier than in most places in this region, 

 the fruit apparently possesses much merit as a commercial sort. It is suggested for 

 careful testing in other sections. 

 Sandbrook. 



This variety originated near Sergeantsville, N.J. It was introduced about twenty 

 years ago, but it has not been much disseminated. It is growing in a very small num- 

 ber of orchards in the Chesapeake peninsula and New Jersey sections of this region. 



The tree is a strong grower in the nursery, but of moderate growth as it becomes older. 

 It is prolific when full bearing age is reached. The fruit is small to medium; prettily 

 washed with red and striped with bright crimson; subacid; good to very good. It 

 ripens from the last of July to the middle of August in the central part of the Chesa- 

 peake peninsula. The small size of the fruit renders it undesirable for market, but it 

 is considered valuable for home use by some growers. 

 Smokehouse. Synonyms: Gibson's Vandevere, Mill Creek Vandevere, Red Vandevere. 



This is a very old variety which apparently originated during the latter part of the 



eighteenth century on the farm of Mr. William Gibson near Lampeter, Lancaster 



County, Pa. It was called Smokehouse because the tree stood near the building used 



for smoking meats. It is widely known in the middle latitudes south of and including 



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