CUTTINGS AND SEEDS. 11 



one shoot to each plant. It* large enough, the rooted cuttings should 

 be removed to nursery rows the following fall. In no case should the 

 plants be removed from the cutting beds to permanent locations. 



If the plants make sufficient growth the first season, they should be 

 severely cut back; otherwise the operation should be deferred until the 

 following season. The length of stem to remain as the future trunk 

 must be regulated according to whether a dwarf or tall specimen is 

 wanted. It must be taken into consideration that the leaves are much 

 more easily gathered from dwarf trees than from tall ones; in fact, 

 they are more easily managed, not only so far as leaf gathering is 

 concerned, but also in pruning and in keeping noxious insects and 

 fungus diseases under control. The leaves on a tall tree are not all 

 developed alike; those on the side fully exposed to the sun will 

 naturally be in perfect condition, while on the opposite side they are 

 softer and probably not so well adapted to the purpose for which they 

 are intended. Medium-sized trees are therefore preferable for all 

 purposes. 



INDOOR SPRING CUTTINGS. 



Another method of propagation from cuttings, and a very success- 

 ful one, consists in selecting medium-sized shoots about the beginning 

 of November. These, before being made into cuttings, are sorted into 

 bundles of different lengths, tied, and heeled in ashes or sand, or in a 

 mixture of both, and protected by a frame having a northern exposure. 

 During the winter they are taken out and cut into lengths of about 

 5 inches. These are tied in bundles and buried in moist sand or 

 moss. In early spring the}' are untied and put quite thickly in a 

 propagating bed having a mild bottom heat, where they will root 

 rapidly. When such a bed is lacking, wooden flats about 4 inches 

 deep may be used for the reception of the cuttings; but they must 

 have the protection of a frame covered with sash. If a little loamy 

 soil is placed in the bottom of the flats the cuttings will remain in good 

 condition for a considerable time after rooting and until a favorable 

 opportunity arrives for planting them out in nursery rows. If those 

 rooted indoors are given plenty of air after being rooted in the bed, 

 they can be transferred to the open ground with safety during dull 

 weather. 



PROPAGATION BY SEEDS. 



The most convenient and rapid method of propagation is undoubtedly 

 from seeds, as the}' are quick to germinate and the seedlings make 

 growth about as rapidly as plants raised from cuttings. Seeds sown 

 shortly after being harvested will germinate in a few days. If kept 

 over winter and sown in early spring, the seedlings will appear within 

 fourteen days. When the seed is spring sown, the seedlings will, if 

 the weather be propitious, attain a height of from 12 to 18 inches in 



