ILLUSTRATIONS. 



MAP. 



Map of northern Nevada and southern Oregon, showing region traversed. 



Frontispiece. 



PLATES. 



Page. 

 Pl. I. Fig. 1. Cattle range in Bendire Mountains, Oregon. Blue grass, fescue, 

 and black sage in foreground and a few junipers in the distance. 

 Fig. 2. Desert view near Denio, Oregon. Black sage, bud sage, spiny 



saltbush, rayless goldenrod, and hop sage shown 12 



II. Fig. 1. Mountain pasture in Blue Mountains along Calamity Creek, 



Oregon. Fig. 2. Black sage on Malheur Kiver near Vale, Oregon .. _ 14 



III. Fig. 1. Grazed Nuttall's saltbush. No other vegetation shown in fore- 



ground except one bunch of cactus. Fig. 2. Black sage (Artemisia 

 rigida) grazed. Common black sage (Artemisia tridentata) in back- 

 ground 20 



IV. Fig. 1. A depleted range in Steins Mountains, Oregon. Objects in fore- 



ground are dead stools of sheep fescue. Fig. 2. Surface view of soil 



in Pine Forest Mountains, Nevada, after close grazing by sheep 22 



V. Fig. 1. Showing habits of sheep during the cool morning, Steins 

 Mountains, Oregon. Fig. 2. Showing habits of sheep during the heat 



of the day, Pine Forest Mountains, Nevada 26 



VI. Fig. 1. Cattle range in Pine Forest Mountains, Nevada. Fig. 2. 

 Herder's habitation during the summer grazing season in Steins 



Mountains, Oregon 28 



VII. Fig. 1. Showing the habitat and a fair crop of prairie bulrush on 

 Manns Lake Eanch, 20 miles northeast of Andrews, Oregon. Fig. 2. 

 Tetradymia and Psoralea holding drifting sands 20 miles north of 



Winnemucca, Nevada 32 



VIII. Fig. 1. Stacking hay with a Jackson fork and tripod. Thompson 

 Brothers' ranch, near Beulah, Oregon. Fig. 2. Stacking hay with a 

 " slide," Island ranch, Malheur Lake bottoms, Oregon. A ton of 



hay is on the slide 34 



IX. Fig. 1. Stacking alfalfa with a derrick, Harper ranch, near Westfall, 

 Oregon. Fig. 2. Stacking alfalfa with Jackson fork, Arcadia ranch, 

 near Ontario, Oreg. Stacks are 375 feet long, 75 feet over, and 28 



feet across 36 



X. Fig. 1. A hay camp, Island ranch, Malheur Lake bottoms, Oregon. 



Fig. 2. Loaded four-horse buck 38 



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