B. P. I.—49. G. F. P. I.—100 
FORAGE CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS IN EASTERN 
WASHINGTON, EASTERN OREGON, NORTHEAST: 
ERN CALIFORNIA, AND NORTHWESTERN NEVADA, 
INTRODUCTION. 
This report, based upon field work done in 1902, is in large part sup- 
plementary to that of 1901. The investigations of this year have been 
confined to the same general drainage regions, but the amount of travel 
performed and the consequent opportunity for study have been much 
more extensive. All the work covered in this report, as well as in that 
of last year,“ was done in two of the great inland regions, namely, the 
drainage area of the Columbia River and that of the Great Basin. 
Last year’s report covered but little of the former area, being confined 
mainly to that portion of the Great Basin region lying between Win- 
nemucca, Ney., and the Blue Mountains of Oregon in the vicinity 
of the upper portion of the Silvies River, while this report deals with 
the Columbia drainage area and that portion of the Great Basin lying 
to the westward of the region discussed in the report of last year. 
The only place where the same area was covered both seasons is in the 
vicinity of Burns, Oregon. This duplication of region traversed was 
occasioned by the necessity of obtaining supplies and the desire of 
visiting again certain portions of Harney: Valley which it was impos- 
sible to examine last year. Here, in the vicinity of the Dunder and 
Blitzen River, on the west side of Steins Mountains, many substantial 
and extensive improvements are being made, especially by the French- 
Glenn Live Stock Company, in the handling of the native ranges, as 
well as in the reclamation of the extensive swamp lands, producing 
at the present time nothing but tules, but which are being converted 
into hay and pasture lands. 
Our traveling outfit consisted of a team, light spring wagon, and an 
ordinary camping outfit. On the entire trip, wherever possible, we 
endeavored to drive about 30 miles per day and to accomplish this in 
the morning, taking the afternoon to make collections, for studies, 
and for other work, while our horses, which were obliged to pick 
“ Bulletin No. 15, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. 8S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1902. 
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