56 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 
so far is very limited, and the proportions of the different grasses to 
use and the methods of handling have not been well worked out. 
At present timothy seems to be the most common grass used in 
mixtures; alfalfa, red clover, slender wheat-grass, meadow fescue, 
and orchard grass are also used. Grasses and clovers are mixed with 
Bromus inermis to improve the quality and yield of forage and, for 
what is probably of more importance, to prolong the period of pro- 
ductiveness by keeping the brome-grass from becoming sod-bound. 
Results of experiments to determine this period have so far been 
rather indefinite. It is probable that the sod-bound condition can be 
delayed for a short while, but not for any great length of time. 
Alfalfa and clover are of value also, since they tend to maintain the pro- 
ductivity of the soil, and where these plants are mixed with brome- 
grass they can be pastured with little danger to stock from bloating. 
Timothy has been grown with brome-grass at the Manitoba experi- 
ment farm with very good results, but it is the opinion there that it does 
not materially increase the life of a meadow and that the brome-grass 
eventually crowds it out. This mixture is quite commonly grown 
throughout Manitoba. Mixtures have been tried on the experiment 
farm at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, and one composed of 7 pounds 
of Bromus inermis and 7 pounds of slender wheat-grass (Agropyron 
tenerum) has given good results. A meadow of this mixture after 
having been down for six years without renewing still remained pro- 
ductive, yielding two tons of hay to the acre. In the Dakotas experi- 
ments are being conducted with alfalfa and brome-grass, and there 
is a probability of the combination coming into general use where 
alfalfa can be successfully grown. Mixtures with orchard grass and 
meadow fescue have given indications of being worthy of attention. 
In all permanent mixtures the quantity of brome-grass seed used 
should be smaller than the sum of the other constituents, as brome- 
grass has a tendency to crowd out the other grasses. 
USES AND VALUE. 
PASTURE. 
Although grown as a general-purpose grass, Bromus inermis is 
much better adapted for use as pasture than for hay, on account of 
its tendency to form a turf. It furnishes a large quantity of pala- 
table pasturage, and is especially valuable because it can be grazed 
early in the spring and late in the fall, and unless the season is unfavor- 
able it furnishes a considerable amount of feed during the summer. 
Where it is now being grown there are no grasses that can equal it 
for pasture on sandy land, as it not only produces well on such soil, 
but forms a sod that withstands trampling and is not easily pulled up 
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