58 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 
the last of June or early in July, and the second in September. The 
securing of two crops depends almost entirely on the amount of 
moisture and very little on the latitude, since in eastern Manitoba two 
are frequently obtained. Except under irrigation, only one cutting can 
usually be secured in the western part of the Dakotas or at the same 
longitude in Canada. The first cutting yields more and is of much the 
better quality. The second cutting, although nearly as tall as the 
first when cut, consists mostly of leaves and makes very light hay.. 
The hay does not cure as easily as timothy and darkens rapidly if 
allowed to get wet. Although this makes it unsalable, its feeding 
value is not seriously impaired. Even when properly cured, how- 
ever, the hay is of darker color than timothy. 
Stacking is done with the ordinary hay-making machinery, and 
when put up with reasonable care the stacks shed water well and will 
keep for two years in excellent condition, with but a small quantity u 
damaged hay on the outside. (See PI. VI, fie 22) 
As previously stated, in the third season of growth the maximum 
yield is usually secured. After two crops are obtained the yield 
rapidly diminishes. The average yield for the time the meadow is 
profitable, which is three or four years, may be conservatively esti- 
mated at 14 tons per acre. This is the estimated average yield for 
the entire region. On good soil and under favorable conditions yields 
as high as 3 to 4 tons are not uncommon, especially when two cut- 
tings a year can be secured. 
Brome-grass hay is very little known on the city market and the 
demand for it is entirely local. It commands a good price in sec- 
tions where it is grown, and ordinarily sells for $2 to $3 a ton more 
than native wild hay and for about the same price as timothy. 
SEED. 
There is a considerable quantity of brome-grass seed produced 
throughout the entire region under discussion, although it is grown 
to the largest extent in the eastern part of the Dakotas, in Manitoba, 
and in eastern Saskatchewan. The growing of seed in large quanti- 
ties seems to have been more of an industry a few years ago than it is 
at the present time. It should not be inferred from this that the 
total quantity produced is not as great as heretofore, but that farm- 
ers are growing it less for wholesale market and more for local use, 
making its production more generally distributed. Whether there is 
actually less produced it is difficult to state; there is certainly less 
imported than formerly. There are many farmers who have in the 
past grown 100 acres, and even much more, for seed who at the pres- 
ent time are raising little more than enough for their own use. 
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