a) MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 
on such lands. The roots are certain to be broken more or less in 
transplanting and equally certain to become infected, with subse- 
quent infection of the whole plant. Probably half the trouble on such 
lands, if they are free from nematodes, might be avoided by careful 
attention to this one particular. Under tents, sowing the seed in the 
place where the plant is to stand might also be given a trial. 
(7) Wound as little as possible the base of the plants and the tops 
by pruning or pulling away leaves. Do not jerk off leaves when setting 
out. It is a good rule under ordinary circumstances to balance root 
and top by removing a portion of the leaves at planting time, but not 
when this disease is present, since infection is hable to occur in this 
way. The same end may be accomphshed with less danger to the 
plants by using greater care in transplanting, and especially by trans- 
planting when the plants are small. Top the plants in dry weather. 
(8) Avoid fields known to be infected with root nematodes. They 
wound the roots and enable the bacteria to gain an entrance. Hunger 
demonstrated this on tomatoes in the Dutch East Indies. If such fields 
must be used, the nematodes may be reduced in number by rotation 
with winter grains (oats, rve, wheat) followed by velvet beans but not — 
by cowpeas (except Iron), since ordinary cowpeas are much subject to 
root nematodes and will increase the number of them in the soil. Vel- 
vet beans are not subject to nematodes. The number of nematodes in 
the soil may also be reduced by a skillful use of trap crops, but an 
unskillful use of the same will increase their number. The object ofa 
trap crop is to get as many nematodes as possible encysted in the roots, 
which are then pulled up and burned. Cowpeas may be used as a trap 
crop. They should be removed and burned as early as the fourth week, 
1. e., before the nematodes have escaped again into the soil in increased 
numbers. It would be best, however, to put this work into the hands 
of persons having some knowledge of biology, since trap-cropping for 
nematodes is still in the experimental stage. 
(9) Remove and burn affected plants as soon as they are detected. 
They are swarming with innumerable millions of infectious particles ¢ 
which plowed under or allowed to fall to the ground are washed into 
the earth and will serve to increase the soil infection. Such plants are 
also a source of danger to your own free fields and to those of your 
neighbors. There are enough neglected tobacco plants in Granville 
County to infect the whole United States if properly distributed. 
(10) Under no circumstances throw tobacco refuse on your fields, or 
into your barnyard, or into streams or roadways. Such refuse is a 
good fertilizer, but it may also prove the carrier of this disease and the 
danger is too great. The organism may live in the dead stems for 
some time—just how long is not known. Do not take any risks. The 
“4 single tobacco plant may contain ten thousand million of these bacteria. 
141—11 
