price in 1961-62 compared with 39 per- 
cent the preceding season. The entire 
retail price increase of $1.16 was ab- 
sorbed by the marketing system plus an 
additional 5 cents which came out of 
growers’ returns, Therefore, returns to 
growers dropped from $2.84 per carton 
in 1960-61 to $2.79 in 1961-62. Asa 
percentage of the retail price, farmers 
received 31 percent in 1960-61 and 27 
percent in 1961-62, The average share 
to the growers from 1956-57 to 1961-62 
was 24 percent. 
The retail price of Washington Delicious 
apples sold in New York City in 1961-62 
averaged 5 cents per carton higher than 
in 1960-61. The total marketing margin 
decreased 66 cents per carton inthe same 
period. The growers received the benefit 
of both changes, and the average growers’ 
return increased from $2.35 per carton 
in'21960=61. -to'’$3,06: in. 196R-625u0As-'a 
percentage of the retail price, the 1960-61 
returns to growers was 24 percent andthe 
1961-62 return, 32 percent. Growers 
received an average of 25 percent of the 
retail price for apples sold in New York 
Table 9.--Oranges: 
City in the 6 seasons. 
Of the differences between the markets, 
most significant was the substantially 
smaller wholesale-retail margin in New 
York City. It was less than in Chicago 
during 5 of the 6 seasons by amounts 
ranging from 44 cents to $1.26 per carton. 
Consequently, although consumers of 
Washington Delicious apples in New York 
City paid an average of 2 percent less 
than consumers in Chicago, the producers 
received slightly more for those sold in 
New York. 
Oranges 
Retail prices for California Navel and 
Valencia oranges in Chicago increased 
from 1961 to 1962 (table 9), The retail 
price of Florida oranges, however, de- 
clined. In each instance the retail price 
moved opposite to the change in volume 
of production, 
The allocation of the retail price among 
various marketing agencies andthe grower 
Retail prices, marketing margins and growers' returns for sales 
in Chicago, and seasonal production, 1961-1962 1/ 
: California : ; : : Florida 
: California Navels eras 
: Valencias : : all varieties 
Item : : ; S 1blebe * 1961-62 
: 1961 : 1962 2/ : 1960-61 : 5 : 1960-61 : 2] 
: Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars 
Repawieprice” 3/3. dsslaele owlete — 26.50 75H Tel? 7268 9.33 8.68 
Total marketing margin....: 4.81 Be 70 4,84 4.87 Giga 6.85 
Growers’ returnS.cecccsesee: 1.69 1.84 2E 33 28. 2.82 1583 
: 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 
° boxes boxes boxes boxes boxes boxes 
Productioneece e@oereeveveecen eos 16,000 12,800 9,500 7 5600 88,000 113 5400 
i California Valencia season - May through November; California Navel season - 
December through May; and Florida season - November through May. 
2/ Preliminary. 
3/ California data are for 37.5-pound cartons; Florida data are for 90-pound boxes. 
7 ae 
