36 THE CROWN-GALL AND HAIRY-ROOT OF THE APPLE TREE. 
hairy-root on the apple tree. It would be interesting to cite the 
statements of a number of nurserymen and orchardists, but it will be 
better to give data from orchards grown by them with diseased trees. 
The owners of one orchard, Marshall Brothers, at Arlington, Nebr., 
reported in a letter dated January 25, 1909, as follows: 
We have 29 Wealthy apple trees that we planted thirteen years ago. All of them 
were more or less galled, some galls being nearly as large as a hen’s egg. These trees 
have grown well and have done splendidly. We have noticed no difference between 
these and other Wealthy trees of the same age in growth and bearing. They have 
given almost annual crops the last five or six years, and two or three very heavy crops. 
The owners of a second orchard, of 10 acres, at Troy, Ohio, reported 
May 16, 1907, as follows: 
The orchard you ask about was planted five years ago this spring and consisted of 
Yellow Transparent apples which were badly infested with crown-gall and aphis. 
Inasmuch as the authorities in this State are opposed to the use of trees thus infested, 
we have discontinued the growing oi apples at this place, and therefore did away with 
the orchard this spring. However, we wish to say the trees were thrifty and in good 
growing condition, and we do not believe there could be any objection to the showing 
they made. There was some fruit on this orchard last season. 
A third orchard is reported upon by Charles C. Bell, of Boonville, 
Mo., January 4, 1908. He states that an orchard of about 20 acres 
was planted in 1900 with 2-year-old trees diseased with crown-gall, 
after samples of the trees had been condemned by experts, as unfit for 
planting. He says: ‘‘To-day these trees which were condemned 
* * * are a beauty’to behold; they are healthy and strong and 
ready to bear fruit.” 
A fourth orchard was planted and grown in 1902 near Mountain 
Grove, Mo., by F. A. Faurot, a collaborator of the Bureau of Plant 
Industry. This experiment was in cooperation with the Missouri 
Fruit Experiment Station at that place. By permission of the di- 
rector of the station, Paul Evans, Mr. Faurot furnished the data for 
publication. The orchard is planted in two plats, one sloping gently 
to the east, the other to the north. The soilisaclayloam. In the 
first plat 275 apple trees were planted, one-fifth of which were diseased 
with crown-gall. The diseased trees were in a separate row, but were 
of the same varieties and of the same stock as the healthy ones. The 
second plat consisted of 96 apple trees, one-third of which were 
plainly diseased with crown-gall. In company with Mr. Faurot, the 
writer visited the orchard in the autumn of 1908. No difference could 
be detected in the growth and appearance of the trees in the diseased 
rows of trees when compared with those in the healthy ones. Rela- 
tively, in number, no greater proportion of the diseased trees had 
died in six years of growth. No evidences of premature development, 
such as early bearing, stunted growth, etc., were noticed in any of the 
diseased trees. 
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