GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 



13 



literature available at the Missouri Botanical Garden has shown that 

 under one name or another this fungus has been reported from Maine, 

 New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 

 Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South 

 Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 

 Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Indian 

 Territory, and Texas. The States east of the Mississippi from which 

 the fungus has not yet been reported are almost unexplored mycolog- 

 ically. It is extremely probable that it occurs in all States where 

 the apple is being grown, even in the most northern latitudes. (See 



The bitter-rot fungus was first described in England from English 



Fig. 1.— Map showing geographical distribution of the bitter-rot fungus in the United States. The 

 shaded sections show where bitter rot occurs, the heavier shading indicating where the disease is 

 most prevalent. 



specimens. On one or another host the bitter-rot fungus has been 

 found in all parts of the world. It is reported by Trail (1888), from 

 Perth, Scotland; by Saccardo (1881), from Italy; by McAlpine (1895), 

 from Queensland and New South Wales; by Cooke (1892), from 

 Queensland; by Speschnew (1897), from Tiflis, in Transcaucasia; by 

 Klein (see Frank, 1896), from Baden, Germany; also by Kirchner 

 (1890), from various parts of Germany; by Nypel (1896), from Liege, 

 Belgium; by Viala (1887), from France. It is probable that the fungus 

 occurs to some extent in every country where the apple is grown, 

 which is not surprising when one considers the manner in which apples 

 are sent to all parts of the world and the excellent chances which 

 spores of this fungus have for dissemination with the fruit. 



