70 



the scale. Last July I went through the orchard and found many 

 of the trees thus treated growing nicely and free from scale. A less 

 successful experiment was to cut away the trunk a couple of feet above 

 the ground, paint with kerosene, and later graft on this stump, the idea 

 being to secure a new trunk as well as top. But in this case the grafts 

 grew so rank that they were twisted off by the winds, and the result 

 for this reason was not satisfactory. Where trees were known to be 

 slightly infested, or as a means of killing the scale on any trees not 

 known to be infested, an entire orchard, consisting of both apple trees 

 and peach trees, was sprayed with undiluted kerosene during February, 

 and in order to make sure that no scale escaped alive a second appli- 

 cation was made shortly after. I saw the orchard in April and again 

 in July, and in neither case did I notice any injury whatever to the 

 trees, either apple or peach. Different conditions might alter results, 

 but in this case I have to report a complete success during two succes- 

 sive years in the same locality.* 



Mr. Fernald stated as a fact worthy of record the finding by himself 

 of an adult specimen of the apple-tree borer girdling a shrub on Dog 

 Mountain, Desert Island, at an elevation ot 1,000 feet. Xo apple 

 orchards occurred within a mile of this point. 



Mr. Slingerland stated in regard to the codling moth that he had 

 found an average of one egg in four parasitized by Trichogramma 

 pretiosa. 



Mr. Fletcher exhibited some apples which he had lately received from 

 British Columbia, containing the larva of a tortricid which works in 

 the fruit very much as the apple Trypeta. This is a new enemy, and in 

 the district from which the fruit came is already a very serious pest. 

 The species is not known, and, it is supposed, may prove undescribed. 



* These statements brought out so much discussion, interspersed with criticism, 

 that I decided to write the owner of one of these orchards and get from him an up- 

 to-date statement in regard to both the applications and results. I herewith 

 append a reply to my request for such information. I have no additions or qualifi- 

 cations to make to the letter of reply by Mr. Nichols, in whom I have perfect 

 confidence: 



New Richmond, Ohio, September 11, 1896. 

 F. M. Webster. 



Dear Sir: Yours of the 8th instant came io hand yesterday. Contents noted, and 

 in reply I wish to say that the kerosene (clear coal oil such as we use in our lamps) 

 which we used was applied principally in the month of February when the ground 

 was frozen. We applied it with a small varnish brush to some small trees to the 

 entire tree, on others only the limbs that were the most affected. 



My brother used a barrel sprayer, applying 40 gallons of pure coal oil on 500 apple 

 and 15 peach trees. A part of the orchard he sprayed the second time. The appli- 

 cations were made, respectively, on the 17th and 24th days of last February — cold 

 and frozen. 



Trees that we used the clear coal oil on two years ago, as well as those last winte^ 

 have made splendid growth and the entire lot of trees look as though they had 

 been rubbed smooth and varnished. 



Kerosene and a sprayer is the remedy for the San Jose scale. 



Yours, trulv, D. H. Nichols. 



