76 



Decatur, and Champaign. I found it also on maple in Ohio, at Colum- 

 bus, the early part of July, this season, and have had it from Mr. R. H. 

 Pettit, who collected it on maple in Ithaca, N. Y., two years ago. It 

 attacks the leaves, living in great numbers on the under side, causing 

 yellowish spots on the upper surface. The spots are minute at first, but 

 become more prominent as the insect develops and the season advances, 

 causing the leaves to fall prematurely. The partially-matured insects 

 spend the winter under the leaf buds. I have found it only on maple, 

 and as it attacks the leaves principally I have proposed the popular 

 name of the maple leaf-scale, to distinguish it from other allied species. 

 It is related to the grape scale (Aspidiotus uvce Coinst.), but may be 

 readily separated from that species by its yellowish-gray or whitish 

 scale and the structural characters of the male and female. 



Of the other two species I found Aspidiotus ulmi on the trunk of white 

 elm (Uhnus americana) at Urbana, 111., about a year ago in rather lim- 

 ited numbers, and so far as my observations go it does not attack the 

 branches, twigs, or leaves. I found the other species, Aspidiotus cesculi, 

 on buckeye (JEsculus califoniica), at Stanford University, Cal., three 

 years ago. It attacks the trunk, branches, and smaller twigs, but so far 

 as I have observed does not occur on the foliage. The color of the scale 

 usually conforms to that of the bark, and when not abundant the insect 

 is difficult to detect. 



In February, 1895, the markets of central Illinois were stocked with 

 California oranges of a very inferior grade. The local dealers at Cham- 

 paign sold them for russet oranges. The russetness, however, was due 

 to a complete covering of the red scale, Aspidiotus aurantii Mask. The 

 consumer paid 40 cents a dozen for this tasteless fruit. 



August 8, 1895, Mr. G. W. McCluer, of the Illinois Experiment Sta- 

 tion, handed me a lot of apple grafts from A. Woodrorfe, Auckland, New 

 Zealand, for examination. I found Aspidiotus camellicB Bois., the greedy 

 scale of Comstock (= A. rapax), upon five of the seven varieties repre- 

 sented. The scales were attached usually under the buds. The females 

 were fully matured and an occasional young louse was found on the 

 twigs. This scale is widely distributed in this country, and, according 

 to Maskell, is common throughout all the North Island of New Zealand, 

 and in parts of the South, on euonymus, apple, x>lum, and other trees. 



Early in August a year ago I found Putnam's Aspidiotus ancylus on 

 English oak (Quercus roour) in Urbana, 111. The attack was confined to 

 the under side of a few of the lower branches. This season the insect has 

 spread to all the larger and smaller branches, and many of the lower 

 branches have died, being literally covered with this insect. 



Aspidiotus nerii was very abundant on certain plants in the green- 

 house at the University of Illinois early this season. It was particu- 

 larly destructive to the so-called lace fern (Asparagus plumosa). 



The English-walnut scale (Aspidiotus juglans-regice) is very common on 

 the white or silver maple (Acer dasycarpum) in Illinois. I have also 



