24 
leum emulsion. Similar photographs could be shown in the case of 25 
per cent mechanical emulsions of both kerosene and crude petroleum. 
But when we come to examine the results obtained with the undiluted 
oils, even after making allowance for scale injury, one can not resist 
the conclusion that both kerosene and crude petroleum may cause 
serious harm. Pure kerosene was considered by the owner of the 
orchard as dangerous material to use on a tree, and on that account 
but three trees were sprayed with it and all of them were in very bad 
condition from scale attack. The Howell pear tree No. 21 was sprayed 
April 11, photographed May 14, and was quite badly infested with 
the scale. At this latter date most of the tips of the limbs showed 
few leaves, and there were very few blossoms. The tree had evi- 
dently suffered considerably from the scale, and it is probable that the 
kerosene also injured it. June 20 the foliage of this tree had devel- 
oped considerably, and while t\ere were a number of dead branches, 
the suckers thrown out may eventually fill the vacant places. 
It is with the crude petroleum, however, that the most marked 
results were obtained. The seckel pear, No. 101, was photographed 
May 12 and shows well the very few undersized, pale leaves. June 20 
there were only a few bunches of Jeaves on four limbs, and a number 
of adventitious buds were developing. ‘The foliage at this time was 
light in color. This tree was badly infested with San Jose scale, but, 
making due allowance for that, it is still far from what it should be. 
The Lombard plum tree, No. 93, was photographed May 12 and shows 
very well the effects of a spring application of crude petroleum. This 
tree was but moderately infested with the scale, and consequently 
most of the injury can be charged to the treatment. Only the stronger 
buds near the tips of the branches stood the test well. Many of those 
on the side branches were killed and others much weakened. ‘The 
28th of May I made the following note concerning this tree: ‘* Leaves 
out considerably, but the folliage is still much thinner than on other 
trees of its kind.” June 20 it was still seen that the foliage was thinner 
than the normal. The next tree, a Botan plum, was apparently in the 
same condition as No. 93 at the time of spraying, but on May 28 there 
was just one weak leaf, and a few of the apparently dead twigs showed 
a little green beneath the bark. Later the owner dug the tree out as 
dead. 
Applications by horticulturists or farmers are worthy of close atten- 
tion, because they are made more nearly under usual conditions. I was 
therefore very glad to avail myself of the opportunity of watching 
closely the results obtained by one. The extensive and abundant 
infestation of his young orchard with the San Jose scale led Mr. L. L. 
’ Morrell, of Kinderhook, N. Y., to try crude petroleum. Some young 
tree tops worked with Sutton Beauty were sprayed April 1 with 25 per 
cent mechanical mixture of crude petroleum, the trunks having been 
