20 
the box in an empty cabin below the water line. The voyage was for- 
tunately cool, the temperature averaging about 60°. The shallow box 
was kept in his stateroom, as on the Cape steamer, and immediately 
upon arrival at New York both boxes were shipped to Mr. Howard. 
They arrived in New York in twenty-five days from Cape Town, a 
quick passage which, perhaps, could not be repeated. Mr. Lounsbury 
further stated that on first writing to Mr. Ehrhorn the latter took the 
letters to Mr. Leib, a fruit grower, and Mr. Leib in some way put 
the matter in operation. Mr. Lounsbury wrote to Mr. Leib and said 
he would try to make a success of the matter, and advised him to get 
oleander plants and infest them with black scales and have things so 
arranged that he could put the plants under cover. He suggested 
further to Mr. Leib that if he should receive a sending of parasites on 
cut twigs the boxes should be opened in a closed room so as to allow 
the parasites to fly to the windows. This was the only way that 
occurred to Mr. Lounsbury for the removal of the secondary para- 
sites. The primaries were to be collected and then liberated with the 
scale-stocked oleanders. As regards the oleander plants to come later, 
he had planned to prevent secondary parasitism, which he thought 
would be better if it could be carried out. 
Mr. Lounsbury asked if there had been much experience to show 
the best method of sending parasites, and if it would be well to freeze 
them? He knew before he left Cape Town that the parasites in ques- 
tion would keep emerging for a month in closed jars in his office. 
Mr. Howard replied that he did not think we could say yet what is 
the best way. One thing is certain, however, and that is that tin 
boxes should never be used in sending from the Tropics. 
Mr. Gillette asked if it is quite certain that the Blastophaga is only 
three brooded in its native home. 
Mr. Howard replied that they have lost track of the insect in its 
native home during a period of about two months and there is a possi- 
bility that there may be in certain places in Mediterranean regions a 
fall brood. The condition of their knowledge over there is more or 
less incomplete. 
Mr. Johnson asked if the black scale in South Africa is destructive 
to citrus trees to the same extent as in California. 
Mr. Lounsbury stated that he had seen citrus trees infested in only 
about ten places in the last five years in South Africa, and never more 
than a few scales at any of these places. Occasionally he had seen the 
scale on citrus trees from Natal or from Australia which had been 
imported to the Cape. One orchardist having several thousand trees 
said he had seen a little on his Australian trees, but it had disappeared. 
Mr. Lounsbury was unable to find any there after a year from the 
importation. 
Mr. Fletcher asked of what country the scale is a native. 
