yy 
orange scales have given trouble only in the south, and are also con- 
trolled by fumigation. 3 
The San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus) is still with us in Cali- 
fornia, but is so well in control that it is scarcely ever mentioned 
when discussing injurious insects in conventions or meetings of farmers. 
It occurs all over the State, but is chiefly to be found in the great val- 
ley. The treatment almost uniformly adopted is winter spraying with 
lime, salt, and sulphur mixture. The idea that it is troublesome only 
in the north is not correct.’ It is less injurious near the coast (San Jose 
and southern California) than in the interior (Marysville), but it is rather 
more injurious in the San Joaquin than in the Sacramento valleys. 
The use of the lime, salt, and sulphur mixture is so beneficial to the 
tree that it is often used when the orchard is free from scale. Our 
very dry, hot summer weather has a tendency to unduly thicken the 
bark much as the attacks of the scale insects do, and nothing we know 
of in the way of a bark corrodent is as safe and effective, leaving the 
bark in so perfect a condition as this. The wash does not kill the 
insects, at least not very completely at once, but perhaps as much by 
the corrosion of the bark as anything else effectually rids the tree of 
the insects attached to it. 
CODLING MOTHS. 
The codling moth, next to scale insects, has received attention. It 
occurs over most of the State and presents a most diverse set of life 
histories according to the location. In some places it is still unknown 
(isolated orchards along the Sierra foothills); in others, while present, it 
is so unimportant as to require no treatment (several localities exposed 
to the ocean winds). 
Again, ma good many localities the insects come late in the spring 
and perhaps have but a single brood, and one spraying any time before 
the fruit is half grown seems to be satisfactorily effective. <A still’ 
larger number of localities require the spraying to be once carefully 
done and properly timed for early fruit, and two or three additional 
sprayings late in the season if late fruit is to be saved. Finally, some 
situations are so bad that a continuous warfare must be kept up from 
the time the blossoms open till the fruit is picked. Indeed, some of 
our fruit, especially fancy apples for export, is picked over two or 
three times after storing in the packing house to allow the develop- 
ment of worms that could not be discovered at picking time. 
PEACH WORMS. 
The peach worm (Anarsia lineatella), which winters as a borer in 
the bark, becomes a bud worm in the spring, and in the second gener- 
ation bores into the ripe fruit, is one of our most troublesome peach 
1J. B. Smith, Rep. State Ent. N. J. 
