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insects. It shows some of the same peculiarities as to abundance and 
ability to do injury, but in some regions, as at Berkeley, is practically 
unknown. : 
The Eastern peach borer, as well as the curculio, has not found as 
yet a home in California. The former has without doubt been many 
times introduced into the State on nursery stock. Why they have 
not become acclimated is very difficult to understand. We have a 
native peach borer, Sannina pacifica, belonging to the same genus and 
with the same habits, which in its distribution is quite as mysterious. 
This insect makes its home in the neighborhood of San Jose and. has 
undoubtedly, even to a larger extent than the Eastern species, been 
sent in nursery stock over the State, but it is still quite unknown 
except in that one region, where it is quite as much a pest as the 
WS. exitiosa has ever been in the East. 
GRAPE INSECTS. 
Since California is the only region where the European grape is 
grown, it is only with us that the phylloxera is an important insect. 
Vineyards have been destroyed over whole valleys, as occurred in 
Europe, but the insect proves to be very much slower in spreading 
than in Europe, which corresponds with the difference in life history 
in California. The winged form, being produced only after long inter- 
vals, apparently requires conditions which in most years do not occur. 
Next to the phylloxera the vine hopper (7yphlocybu comes) (ours is 
a variety somewhat intermediate between coloradensis and the typical 
comes) is injurious only in the great valley and in the coast region — 
north and west of San Francisco Bay. In the early spring it often 
comes in such immense numbers as to cause the distortion of the young 
leaves by the partial atrophy of the vine, causing them to have some- 
thing the appearance of curled leaf lettuce. After the first leaves 
have become mature they insert their slender curved eggs just under 
the cuticle of the leaves beneath, and young are produced from then 
on continuously till the leaves fall. By autumn, if nothing checks 
them, they are more numerous than I have ever seen them in the East. 
They are abundant enough every spring to easily destroy all the foliage 
before the season is over, but through disease or other calamity, 
exactly what, I have never been able to satisfy myself, their num- 
bers are usually reduced so that it is possible to raise grapes. 
The remedy usually suggested for vine hoppers is winter ‘‘ cleaning 
up,” but the usual practice in most parts of our vineyard districts is 
to clean up more thoroughly than would be thought possible in the 
East. It is certain that the clean vineyards are most injured by the 
hoppers in the spring, although by midsummer little difference can be 
noticed. 
Another vine hopper belonging to a different subfamily, and I 
