42 



lower extremity of Kiushu — the large island completing the chain on 

 the south. In all some 35 provinces or districts have been visited and 

 carefully examined, the points being selected where orchard and nur- 

 sery- interests were oldest and most important. There remains to be 

 explored the north half of the main island (Hurdo) and the northern 

 island of Hokaido, the whole of Japan covering a stretch of latitude 

 about the equivalent of from Newfoundland to Florida. 



The Japanese Government has taken and is taking the greatest inter- 

 est in the investigation, and has sent out with the writer one of the offi- 

 cials of the Central Agricultural ExiDeriment Station of Tokio, Mr. S. 

 K. Hori, a capable entomologist of Cornell training, and, further- 

 more, has interested the agricultural experiment stations and schools 

 and governing authorities in the provinces throughout the Empire in 

 the investigation, and extended a multitude of courtesies which it 

 would be impossible here to list. 



All scale insects have been studied and collected, and especially 

 those of fruit trees and economic i^lants, and — as far as possible with- 

 out interfering with the main object — other injurious insects also. 



This report, however, relates to the San Jose scale exclusively, 

 except as it seems desirable to include some facts discovered relating 

 to the peach, plum, cherry, and mulberry ^cr\q (Diaspis pentagona), 

 the very general occurrence of which in Japan has a very marked 

 influence on the role played b}' the San Jose species. 



To give a correct picture of conditions, some knowledge of Japanese 

 fruit-gro^ving must be had. In the first place, this industry as known 

 to America is unknoAvn in Japan, except in a few small districts. 



The great mass of the Japanese fruit trees are grown as yard orna- 

 ments, or in little garden patches attached to the dwelling houses. 

 Every little thatched cottage has its flowering chei'ry tree and plum 

 tree, and ver}" possibly a pear, a peach, a i:)ersimmon, and very often 

 an orange tree. Sometimes two or three of each sort will be grown, 

 and the more pretentious gardens of the wealthier townsmen amount 

 to miniature orchards — the different fruit trees and ornamental plants 

 being jumbled together in rank confusion. In other words, the pop- 

 ular fruit and flowering trees, while universally grown, are in very 

 small numbers. 



There are a few orchard districts where numerous x:)atches of from 

 one-fourth acre to 3 or 4 acres of fruit trees occur. These are chieflj' 

 of the old native iDear tree, more or less invaded by replantings of 

 American trees or new orchards of the same, some small apple orchards, 

 (more extensive in the north, where I have not been) veiy rarely a 

 small peach orchard (only two seen), and in the south small orchards 

 (not common) of orange. 



The walnut orchards of the island of Kiushu are the only ones that 

 trul}' compare with orchards in the American sense. 



Growing fruit, and especially the deciduous varieties, amounts to 

 little in Japan, but is increasing with the introduction of American 



