46 



ease. The Japanese insect is the typical San Jose scale. All the 

 features and characters noted in the so-called varieties may be found 

 in a single colony together with the typical scale as we know it in 

 America. 



I merely mention this misconception here to report a false security 

 felt by German imiDorters and officials in letting Japanese plants come 

 into Germany and other European countries without check until 

 within the last twelve months, when Germany included Japan with the 

 United States as dangerous sources of plants. 



The dwarf pear and apples, etc. , in the chief nurser}- of Japan are, 

 as I have found, all infested with San Jose scale. (The dwarf trees 

 are ordinarj' nurser}^ trees from the nurser}^ rows, starved and cut 

 back, and not special varieties.) These have been exported, the pro- 

 prietors inform me, to America, to two or three ports in German}^ 

 (up to twelve months since), and are still sent to England. When 

 sent to America thej^ are now fumigated, because Mr. Craw has sent 

 some lots scale-infested to limbo. Most of the export plants are orna- 

 mental plants, pines, maples, etc., but a good many of the quaint 

 dwarf fruit trees in flower pots and bearing fruit are also sold and 

 shipped abroad. I do not think this need alarm Europeans, for I much 

 doubt whether, with the climatic conditions of Europe and with the 

 conditions of fruit growing there, the San Jose scale ever will amount 

 to much on that continent. 



In connection with the identification of the San Jose scale in Japan, 

 I wish to add that Professor Sasaki, the entomologist of the Agricul- 

 tural College of the Imperial University, following Professor Cockerell, 

 has held that the Japanese scale was distinct from the form occurring 

 in America. He also expressed to me the alternative belief — not at 

 all compatible with the first, however — that if the same species it 

 came to Japan from America on imported stock. 



In the last view he is undoubtedly correct, and I have no doubt 

 but that he will give up the former view, which he has hitherto urged 

 very strongly. 



His chief anxiety, evidently, was to free Japan from the onus of the 

 San Jose scale of America one way or another, and both of his theories 

 attained this end. He is therefore well pleased witli this report. 



As an economic problem the San Jose scale is not so important for 

 Japan. It is wideh" distributed already, and extermination is out of 

 the question, but the natural conditions of climate, character of fruit 

 growing, fungous disease, and parasites will j)robably always keep the 

 scale in check. 



Most orchards of pear and apple, etc., are grown as we do grapes, 

 on trellises, and the trees are cut back to mere dwarfs, all the branches 

 being within easj^ reach. 



Labor is so cheap that the trees can be given a very thorough hand 

 scrubbing every winter, and now in places it is the i)ractice to do this 



