44 



tions were made every week over the whole orchard, and were con- 

 tinued until stopped by snow. Inspections were entirely in reference 

 to the abundance of living scale as compared with the original inspec- 

 tion. The trees have been classified according to the results. Results 

 were given as follows: Good's potash whale-oil soap No. 3, 2 pounds 

 to the gallon of water, was sprayed thoroughly over all kinds of trees, 

 including cherry, pear, apple, peach, plum, apricot, and nectarine. An 

 examination showed that 2S.12 per cent have been freed from the 

 scale; the remaining 72 per cent are still infested. With the crude oil 

 one or two additional facts should be mentioned, In regard to the 

 unreliability of kerowater pumps, Mr. Fernald said that the one used 

 by him had recently been in the hands of the manufacturers, who said 

 that it was all right. Nevertheless, this pump often varied 20 per cent 

 within live minutes. Of the trees treated with crude oil 40 per cent 

 were freed from the scale, but many badly infested trees still remain. 

 Mr. Fernald questioned if entomologists could afford to recommend 

 to the fruit grower a pump which is likely to be as unreliable as was 

 the pump used in his experiments. Twenty per cent kerosene put on 

 in the same way gave a percentage of 44.44 of trees entirely freed 

 from the scale. Bowker's tree soap gave 52.68 per cent freedom from 

 scale, over half of the trees treated being cleared from the pest. 

 Bowker's soda whale-oil soap gave 4<>.44 per cent freed from scale. 

 Good's soap, 1 part, and lime, sulphur, and salt wash, 9 parts, was 

 tried and gave only 28.8 per cent of freed trees. Lime, sulphur, and 

 salt wash cleared 06 per cent of all the trees to which it was applied, 

 and part of it was applied one evening just previous to a rain. This 

 application had been made on March 29 and was still perceptible on 

 the trees on June 10. 



The conclusions reached by the speaker were that the lime, sulphur, 

 and salt wash is the best treatment for the average man to use who 

 has not had experience in spraying. Although the wash is hard 

 to make and disagreeable to apply, the speaker nevertheless thought 

 that in view of its low cost and the safety with which it might be 

 applied, and, further, on account of its apparently continuous action, 

 extending clear into the summer, that this wash would more nearly 

 meet conditions in New England than anything else tried. Mr. Fer- 

 nald considered it desirable that investigations should be made in 

 reference to the preparation of the wash to simplify this process as 

 much as possible. 



Mr. Marlatt remarked that one interesting feature of the last two 

 years is that after a lot of experimentation we are coming to the 

 methods which have been followed in California for many years, 

 namely, the use of the lime, sulphur, and salt wash and kerosene 

 emulsion. 



Mr. Fiske desired to know if anyone present knew anything about 

 the Texas crude oil. He stated that it was now very cheap in the 



