60 



Translation- of Pi, ate II. • 



Title: ILLUSTRATIONS OF INJURIOUS INSECTS. 

 1. Eda shakutori — Food-plant, Mulberry. 

 [Translation.] 1. Eda shakutori { Hemirophila atrUineata); food-plant — Kuwa ( Moras 



alba). 

 Description of Insect and Illustration. 



The Eda shakutori belongs to the scale-winged class of inserts or moths, and causes 

 great injury to mulberry trees. It occurs throughout Japan, but is not always recog- 

 nized, because in the larval stage it mimics a dead branch and is with difficulty seen. 

 There are numerous methods of getting rid of this insect, but the best one consists in 

 collecting the caterpillars in early spring about the time when the leaves are coming 

 out. In doing this the specimens which have been killed by the parasitic bee should 

 not be destroyed. 



Explanation of illustration. — a, eggs of this insect on the lower surface of the 

 leaf; b, egg, much enlarged; c, larva after second resting stage, as it appears in early 

 spring about the time the buds are coming out; d, larva after third stage, illustrating 

 manner of traveling by looping its body; e, larva in resting position, resembling a 

 dead branch attached or steadied by a lino or thread running from the head to twig; 

 /, cocoon secreted in decayed hollow of tree; g, chrysalis; //, male moth; i, female 

 moth; j, larva killed by parasitic wasp and inflated with cocoons of latter; k, male 

 and female parasites; I, calendar showing yearly cycle of this insect [outer figures 

 representing the months, counting from the top of the calendar from right to left; 

 inner figures, counting again from right to left, representing (1) egg stage, (2) larval 

 stage, (3) pupal stage, and (4) adult stage; in other words, representing the winter 

 in the larval stage; May and June, pupa stage; July, adult stage; July and August, 

 egg; August and September, larva; September and first of October, pupa; October, 

 adult and egg stage, and winter, larval stage again]. [Japanese lettering rendered in 

 English.] 



LETTERING of right side. 



Third edition. Copyrighted. Printed Meiji, year 31, February 25, issued Feb- 

 ruary 28. Second edition same year, printed December 10, issued the same date. 

 Third edition, Meiji, 33d year, October 10. Price, 15 cents. Illustration by 

 Shichiro Ito. 



lettering of left side. 



Author and publisher, Yasuchi Nawa, Prefecture of Gifu, Gifu City. Printer. 

 Matsutaro Okuma. Place of publication, the Nawa Insect Laboratory, Gifu, 



Kyomachi. 



